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A & P 2 > Ch. 17 - Blood > Flashcards

Ch. 17 - Blood Flashcards

0
Q

List the general characteristics of leukocytes.

A

Spherical, nucleated, only formed elements that are complete cells, less than 1% of total blood volume, not all have granules (granulocytes & agranulocytes), very specialized, not all phagocytic

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1
Q

In the development of basophil, what is the precursor of the basophil?

A

Myeloblast

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2
Q

What is the most abundant plasma protein?

A

Albumin

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3
Q

What is the correct sequence of hemostasis?

A

Formation of thromboplastin ➡️ produce prothrombin ➡️ prothrombin becomes thrombin ➡️ fibrinogen ➡️ fibrin ➡️ clot retraction

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4
Q

What triggers erythropoiesis?

A

EPO, low amounts of oxygen in tissue

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5
Q

Which leukocytes are granulocytes and which ones are agranulocytes?

A

GRANULOCYTES - neutrophils, eosinophils, & basophils

AGRANULOCYTES - lymphocytes & monocytes

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6
Q

What are the functions of blood? Regulatory

A

Regulate body temperature and pH

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7
Q

What are the symptoms or results of thromboembolic disorders?

A

Embolus - moving clot, travels throughout circulatory system

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8
Q

What are some complications of aplastic anemia?

A

Blood clotting, immunity defect, bone marrow disruption, bleeding disorders

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of polycythemia?

A

Increased blood volume, high blood pressure, high viscosity (sluggish), high hemotocrit

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10
Q

What are some age related blood disorders?

A

Anemias, thromboembolic disorders

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11
Q

What is the normal pH of blood?

A

7.35 - 7.45

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12
Q

What happens to blood cells as they age?

A

Become damaged, wear out

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13
Q

What is the developmental sequence leading up to a late erythrocyte?

A

Proerythroblast, late erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte

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14
Q

What conditions can impair coagulation?

A

Hypocalcemia, liver disease, vitamin K deficiency

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15
Q

What are the main plasma proteins?

A

Albumin, gamma & beta globins, fibrinogen

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16
Q

What organ regulates erythrocyte production?

A

Kidney

17
Q

What are the general characteristics of platelets?

A

Life span = 5-10 days, cytoplasmic fragments with no nucleus, contain granules, help seal off breaks, stick to damaged areas

18
Q

What are the general characteristics of plasma?

A

Straw-colored, sticky fluid; 90% water; main protein is albumin

19
Q

Where does blood formation occur in adults and in fetal development?

A

ADULTS - red marrow

FETAL - mainly liver

20
Q

What are the phases of erythropoiesis?

A

Has to have ribosomes ➡️ ribosomes produce hemoglobin ➡️ hemoglobin dumps organelles

21
Q

What is a normal hemoglobin measurement in blood?

A

About 16 g/100 ml

22
Q

Why is iron not stored or transplanted in its free form? In what form is it stored or transported in blood?

A

Iron alone is toxic to body cells. Stored as protein-iron compound called ferritin or hemosiderin.

23
Q

Why is blood a connective tissue?

A

Has cells and liquid components

24
Q

Which leukocyte phagocytizes bacteria?

A

Neutrophils

25
Q

What is the buffy coat found in centrifuged whole blood?

A

Leukocytes & platelets

26
Q

Name the granulocytes, what percent they are found in whole blood, and their life spans.

A 
Neutrophils = 50-70% = 6-9 days
Eosinophils = 2-4% = 6-9 days
Basophils = 0.5-1% = 3-7 days
27
Q

What happens during the normoblast phase in the development of an erythrocyte?

A

Dumps nucleus

28
Q

What is the most common white blood cell found in whole blood?

A

Neutrophils

29
Q

What determines if blood is bright red or a dull, dark red?

A

Oxygen

30
Q

Where and how is iron stored in the body?

A

Stored in hemoglobin & liver. Stored in compounds

31
Q

What is leukemia?

A

Group of cancerous conditions involving white blood cells

32
Q

What is hemoglobin made of? How many molecules of oxygen can it transport?

A

Protein globin bound to red heme pigment. 4 molecules of oxygen

33
Q

How do leukocytes move through the circulatory system?

A

Diapedesis

34
Q

Where is the RBC graveyard?

A

Spleen

35
Q

What is diapedesis? Leukopenia?

A

DIAPEDESIS - passage of WBCs through intact vessel walls into tissue or cells
LEUKOPENIA - abnormally low white blood cell count

36
Q

What is hemorrhagic anemia?

A

Result from large amounts of blood loss

37
Q

ESSAY: What are the characteristics of iron deficiency anemia?

A

Produce microcytes - small & pale erythrocytes, tired, pale, short of breath, mucus membranes pale

38
Q

ESSAY: What are the characteristics of mono?

A

Enlarged spleen, sore throat, fever, no energy, tired, achy

39
Q

ESSAY: Why would there be a cause for concern if a young pregnant mother is Rh negative, her husband is Rh positive, and this is their 2nd child?

A

Mother built immunity with 1st child, mother’s anibodies will cross over placenta wall and destroy baby’s RBCs (don’t need ➡️) unless treated with RhoGam to block mother’s immune response, don’t produce anibodies

A & P 2 (6 decks)

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