Ch. 17 - Blood Flashcards
List the general characteristics of leukocytes.
Spherical, nucleated, only formed elements that are complete cells, less than 1% of total blood volume, not all have granules (granulocytes & agranulocytes), very specialized, not all phagocytic
In the development of basophil, what is the precursor of the basophil?
Myeloblast
What is the most abundant plasma protein?
Albumin
What is the correct sequence of hemostasis?
Formation of thromboplastin ➡️ produce prothrombin ➡️ prothrombin becomes thrombin ➡️ fibrinogen ➡️ fibrin ➡️ clot retraction
What triggers erythropoiesis?
EPO, low amounts of oxygen in tissue
Which leukocytes are granulocytes and which ones are agranulocytes?
GRANULOCYTES - neutrophils, eosinophils, & basophils
AGRANULOCYTES - lymphocytes & monocytes
What are the functions of blood? Regulatory
Regulate body temperature and pH
What are the symptoms or results of thromboembolic disorders?
Embolus - moving clot, travels throughout circulatory system
What are some complications of aplastic anemia?
Blood clotting, immunity defect, bone marrow disruption, bleeding disorders
What are the characteristics of polycythemia?
Increased blood volume, high blood pressure, high viscosity (sluggish), high hemotocrit
What are some age related blood disorders?
Anemias, thromboembolic disorders
What is the normal pH of blood?
7.35 - 7.45
What happens to blood cells as they age?
Become damaged, wear out
What is the developmental sequence leading up to a late erythrocyte?
Proerythroblast, late erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte
What conditions can impair coagulation?
Hypocalcemia, liver disease, vitamin K deficiency
What are the main plasma proteins?
Albumin, gamma & beta globins, fibrinogen
What organ regulates erythrocyte production?
Kidney
What are the general characteristics of platelets?
Life span = 5-10 days, cytoplasmic fragments with no nucleus, contain granules, help seal off breaks, stick to damaged areas
What are the general characteristics of plasma?
Straw-colored, sticky fluid; 90% water; main protein is albumin
Where does blood formation occur in adults and in fetal development?
ADULTS - red marrow
FETAL - mainly liver
What are the phases of erythropoiesis?
Has to have ribosomes ➡️ ribosomes produce hemoglobin ➡️ hemoglobin dumps organelles
What is a normal hemoglobin measurement in blood?
About 16 g/100 ml
Why is iron not stored or transplanted in its free form? In what form is it stored or transported in blood?
Iron alone is toxic to body cells. Stored as protein-iron compound called ferritin or hemosiderin.
Why is blood a connective tissue?
Has cells and liquid components
Which leukocyte phagocytizes bacteria?
Neutrophils
What is the buffy coat found in centrifuged whole blood?
Leukocytes & platelets
Name the granulocytes, what percent they are found in whole blood, and their life spans.
Neutrophils = 50-70% = 6-9 days Eosinophils = 2-4% = 6-9 days Basophils = 0.5-1% = 3-7 days
What happens during the normoblast phase in the development of an erythrocyte?
Dumps nucleus
What is the most common white blood cell found in whole blood?
Neutrophils
What determines if blood is bright red or a dull, dark red?
Oxygen
Where and how is iron stored in the body?
Stored in hemoglobin & liver. Stored in compounds
What is leukemia?
Group of cancerous conditions involving white blood cells
What is hemoglobin made of? How many molecules of oxygen can it transport?
Protein globin bound to red heme pigment. 4 molecules of oxygen
How do leukocytes move through the circulatory system?
Diapedesis
Where is the RBC graveyard?
Spleen
What is diapedesis? Leukopenia?
DIAPEDESIS - passage of WBCs through intact vessel walls into tissue or cells
LEUKOPENIA - abnormally low white blood cell count
What is hemorrhagic anemia?
Result from large amounts of blood loss
ESSAY: What are the characteristics of iron deficiency anemia?
Produce microcytes - small & pale erythrocytes, tired, pale, short of breath, mucus membranes pale
ESSAY: What are the characteristics of mono?
Enlarged spleen, sore throat, fever, no energy, tired, achy
ESSAY: Why would there be a cause for concern if a young pregnant mother is Rh negative, her husband is Rh positive, and this is their 2nd child?
Mother built immunity with 1st child, mother’s anibodies will cross over placenta wall and destroy baby’s RBCs (don’t need ➡️) unless treated with RhoGam to block mother’s immune response, don’t produce anibodies
