Ch 17, 23, 24 Classification Of Organisms Flashcards
Greek philosopher who classify organisms into all need to taxa
Aristotle
Swedish naturalist who devised a system of grouping organisms into hierarchical categories according to their form and structure
Carolus Linnaeus
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species,
Levels of classification
The genus name followed by the species identifier
Binomial nomenclature
The analysis of the evolutionary or ancestral relationships among Taxa
Phylogenetics
A system of phylogenetic analysis that uses shared and derived characters as the only criteria for grouping taxa
Cladistics
Kingdom eubacteria, kingdom archaebacteria, kingdom Protista, kingdom Plantae, Kingdom fungi, kingdom Animalia
Six kingdom system
Domain bacteria, domain archaea, domain eukarya
Three domain system
The science of describing naming and classifying organisms
Taxonomy
Its name means ancient bacteria. Lack nucleus and other organelles. Uni cellular. Heterotrophic and autotrophic by chemosynthesis
Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic. Lack nucleus and other organelles. Cell wall contains peptidoglycans. Cell membrane contains fatty acids. Unicellular. Heterotrophic and autotrophic by chemosynthesis or photosynthesis
Eubacteria
Use photosynthesis to get energy from sunlight and make carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide in the air. They give off oxygen as a waste product. Offer large amount of food to Marine and freshwater ecosystems
Cyanobacteria
Gram-negative, spiral shaped bacteria
Spirochetes
The walls of this bacteria are simpler and have more peptidoglycan. They retain the purple die in their cell walls and appear purple
Gram-positive bacteria
These make up one of the largest and most diverse groups of bacteria. Many of them live symbiotically with other organisms
Proteobacteria
Gram-negative. Live only inside animal cells. Cell walls do not have peptidoglycan
Chlamydia
Most of these develop when infectious agents such as bacteria pass from wild animals to humans
Emerging diseases
A nonliving particle made of nucleic acid and a protein coat or nucleic acid and a lipid protein coat. Include a capsid and an envelope
Viruses
Some RNA viruses are called these. Contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase in addition to RNA
Retrovirus
Uses RNA as a template to make DNA which then inserts into the host cells genome
Reverse transcriptase
Smallest known particles that are able to replicate. Made up of a short circular single strand of RNA that does not have a capsid
Viroid
Infectious protein particles that do not have a genome. They are abnormal forms of a natural brain protein that appear to convert normal brain proteins into prion particles
Prions
During this cycle a virus invades a host cell, produces new viruses, and ruptures the host cell when releasing newly formed viruses
Lytic cycle
This cycle allows viruses to hide in their host cell for days, months, or years
Lysogenic cycle
