Ch 16 Population Genetics And Speciation Flashcards
Total genetic information available in a population
Gene pool
Determined by dividing the number of a certain allele by the total number of alleles of all types in the population
Allele frequency
This is equal to the number of individuals with the particular phenotype divided by the total number of individuals in the population
Phenotype frequency
Genotype frequencies in a population tend to remain the same from generation to generation unless acted on by outside influences
Hardy Weinberg genetic equilibrium
P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
Hardy Weinberg equation
The movement of individuals into a population
Immigration
The movement of individuals out of a population
Emigration
The process of genes moving from one population to another
Gene flow
A phenomenon by which allele frequencies in a population change as a result of random events
Genetic drift
Males or females being chosen as mates based on certain traits
Sexual selection
The process of species formation
Speciation
The internal and Extertal structure and appearance of an organism
Morphology
A species is the population of organisms that can successfully interbreed but cannot breed with other groups
Biological species concept
The physical separation of members of the population
Geographic isolation
Happens when species arise as a result of geographic isolation
Allopatric speciation
Results from barriers to successful breeding between population groups in the same area
Reproductive isolation
Occurs when two subpopulations become reproductively isolated within the same geographic area
Sympatric speciation
The idea that speciation occurs at a regular gradual rate
Gradualism
Change occurred in a few thousand rather than a few million years
Punctuated equilibrium
The study of evolution from a genetic point of view
Population genetics
A group that also includes new world monkeys, old world monkeys, apes, and humans. Rotating shoulder and elbow joints and an opposable thumb
Anthropoid primates
Primate lineages that evolved the earliest that include lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers
Prosimians
Bipedalism, bowl shaped pelvis, S shaped spine, aligned toes, large brain
Characteristics of humans
