Ch 17.

Question 1

Trustworthiness is a term used for

Answer 1

Trustworthiness is a term used for quality and has several components.

Question 2

Credibility is …

Answer 2

Credibility is a measure of truth in the data and how it is interpreted. Credibility looks at the way a study is carried out to demonstrate the findings are believable and taking steps to demonstrate credibility to external readers.

Question 3

Dependability relates to

Answer 3

Dependability relates to the ability of the study findings to be repeated in similar circumstances. If a study is not dependable, then it is not credible.

Question 4

Confirmability is

Answer 4

Confirmability is making sure the data reflects the participants view or voice rather than the researcher’s bias.

Question 5

Transferability is

Answer 5

Transferability is the ability for the results to be applied or assumed for other settings.

Question 6

Authenticity is

Answer 6

Authenticity is the ability for readers to get a true sense of a participant’s lived experience. It reflects the ability of the researchers to faithfully show a range of different realities.

Question 7

Prolonged engagement is

Answer 7

Prolonged engagement is the investment of sufficient time collecting data to have an in-depth understanding of the culture, language, ore views of the people or group under study. Prolonged time supports building a rapport with patients to get rich information.

Question 8

Persistent observation refers to

Answer 8

Persistent observation refers to researcher’s focus on the characteristics or aspects of a situation that are relevant to the phenomena being studied.

Question 9

Reflexivity is

Answer 9

Reflexivity is the ability of a researcher to be mindful of their own bias on collection, analysis, and interpretation of data. Reflexive journaling allows researchers to be in tune with their own feelings to remain objective. Reflexivity is the clearest strategy that addressed researcher bias.

Question 10

Triangulation uses .

Answer 10

Triangulation uses multiple referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes truth and seeks to overcome intrinsic bias.

Question 11

describe data triangulation

Answer 11

Data triangulation uses multiple data sources to validate conclusions. Data triangulation uses three factors, including time, space, and person. Time refers to collecting data at different points in time from the same participants. Space refers to using multiple sites for data collection. Person refers to using different type of people with different roles.

Question 12

describe method triangulation

Answer 12

Method triangulation refers to gathering data through interviews, observation, documents or other methods.

Question 13

describe an audit trail

Answer 13

An audit trail is creating a collection of raw data, methodological notes, topic guides, and drafts created by the researcher. The goal is to allow another investigator to assess the data and draw conclusions.

Question 14

Member checking is

Answer 14

the process of going back to study participants to describe themes identified to see if the participants agree.

Question 15

Investigator triangulation uses ___

Answer 15

Investigator triangulation uses multiple researchers for data collection, coding, and analysis.

Question 16

Disconfirming cases is

Answer 16

Disconfirming cases is a process of looking for evidence that contradicts the themes identified.

Question 17

Negative case analysis is when

Answer 17

Negative case analysis is when researchers search for cases that contradict findings to revise their interpretations in an effort to have their interpretations true for all cases.

Question 18

Peer debriefing presents data collected to …

Answer 18

Peer debriefing presents data collected to other experts in the field. The experts probe the data and interpretations to see if anything was missed or if there is evidence of bias.

Question 19

An inquiry audit occurs after …

Answer 19

An inquiry audit occurs after an audit trail is performed. A selected external reviewer examines the audit trail for trustworthiness and findings.

Question 20

Thick description refers to

Answer 20

Thick description refers to a rich, thorough, and vivid description of the research context, the study participants, and events and experience observed during the inquiry.

Question 21

Researcher Credibility is a

Answer 21

Researcher Credibility is a reflection of the qualifications, experience, and reflexivity of the researcher. It can be used in the study by describing the researcher in the study as well as any associations the researcher has with the participants. Additionally, any efforts discussed to address reflexivity increase the researcher credibility.

Question 22

What component is required in qualitative research to claim a study is credible?
A) Confirmability
B) Authentiticy
C) Transferability
D) Dependability

Answer 22

Answer: D, dependability.

Credibility cannot be attained in the absence of dependability

Question 23

What is a strategy used in qualitative research to reduce bias?
A) Prolonged engagement
B) Reflexive journaling
C) Persistent observation
D) Audit trail

Answer 23

Answer: B, reflexive journaling

Reflexive journaling allows the researcher to be mindful of their past experiences and properly convey the patient’s experience rather than their own.

Question 24

What process in qualitative research involves checking that the themes are congruent with the participant’s beliefs?
A) Member check
B) Triangulation
C) Reflexivity
D) Persistent Observation

Answer 24

Answer: A, member check

Member checking involves the researcher discussing their interpretations with the participants to see if the participants agree or not.

Question 25

What strategy in a qualitative study involves getting multiple researchers for data collection, coding, and analysis?
A) Inquiry audit
B) Investigator triangulation
C) Negative case analysis
D) Peer debriefing

Answer 25

Answer: B, investigator triangulation.

In peer debriefing one investigator collects the data and makes interpretations and then has it reviewed by a group of experts. Investigator triangulation has several researchers conduct the study at the same time

Question 26

Which technique helps establish researcher credibility in qualitative research?
A) Investigator Triangulation with at least three researchers
B) Audit Trail conducted before two inquiry audits
C) Peer debriefing with at least five peers
D) Including information about the researcher in the study

Answer 26

Answer: D, including information about the researcher in the study.

Researcher credibility involves discussing the researcher in the study, including to discus their qualifications, the process they used for reflexivity, and discussing what association they had with participants.