Ch 16

Question 1

A _____ breaks down the data into categories for identification

Answer 1

A coding scheme breaks down the data into categories for identification

Question 2

Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) is used to ___

Answer 2

Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) is used to organize the narratives with the labels

Question 3

The ___ may occur multiple times and one narrative can apply to multiple ___

Answer 3

The coding process may occur multiple times and one narrative can apply to multiple codes

Question 4

Qualitative content analysis involves ….

Answer 4

Qualitative content analysis involves analyzing the content of narrative data to identify prominent themes and patterns among the themes. Data is broken down into smaller units (or codes), and codes are grouped together based on shared concepts.

Question 5

Manifest content is …

Answer 5

Manifest content is what the text actually says.

Question 6

Latent content is when …

Answer 6

Latent content is when the researchers describe their interpretation of the content.

Question 7

Spradley used four methods for data analysis including …

Answer 7

Domain analysis. Domains are broad categories that represent units of cultural knowledge. Ethnographers identifies relational patterns among terms in the domain used by members of the culture (objects and events).

Taxonomic analysis. The ethnographer selects how many domains will be described in depth and develops a taxonomy. A taxonomy is a system of classifying and organizing terms.

Componential analysis. The ethnographer analyzes data for similarities and differences among cultural terms in a domain.

Theme analysis. Cultural themes are uncovered and connected to domains to help provide a holistic view.

Question 8

Phenomenological analysis: ___ is the most commonly used method of the Duquesne School and is unique in that it involves ___

Answer 8

Colaizzi is the most commonly used method of the Duquesne School and is unique in that it involves going back to the participants to validate the results.

Question 9

___ is the main phenomenologist discussed from the Utrecht school. Van Manen analyzes the participants description of events to identify themes to investigate further through ___. Van Manen also explored artistic works for themes.

Answer 9

Van Manen is the main phenomenologist discussed from the Utrecht school. Van Manen analyzes the participants description of events to identify themes to investigate further through follow-up interviews. Van Manen also explored artistic works for themes.

Question 10

____ signifies a methodological process in which there is continual movement between the parts and the whole of the text.

Answer 10

Hermeneutic circle signifies a methodological process in which there is continual movement between the parts and the whole of the text.

Question 11

The goal for all methods is to …

Answer 11

The goal for all methods is to describe the essential nature of an experience through the identification of specific themes.

Question 12

___ are the two main methods of analyzing data.

Answer 12

Glaser and Strauss are the two main methods of analyzing data.

Question 13

Glaserian uses substantive codes. Substantive codes consist of … (3)

Answer 13

Glaserian uses substantive codes. Substantive codes consist of open coding, selective coding, and theoretical coding

Question 14

___ may use the actual words participants used and captures what is going on in the data.

Answer 14

Open coding may use the actual words participants used and captures what is going on in the data.

Open coding identifies a core category or pattern of behavior that is relevant for study participants.

Question 15

Open coding breaks down codes into three levels…

Answer 15

Level I are the first coding and the most specific coding.
Level II groups multiple level I codes
level III identifies theoretical constructs

Question 16

Selective coding develops codes focused on the ___

Answer 16

Selective coding develops codes focused on the core category.

Question 17

___ provide insights into how substantive codes relate to each other.

Answer 17

Theoretical codes provide insights into how substantive codes relate to each other. Glaser discovers an emergent theory.

Question 18

Straussian uses … (3).

Answer 18

Straussian uses open coding, axial coding, and paradigms.

Question 19

In ___ the analyst locates and links action-interaction within a framework of subconcepts that give it meaning and enable it to explain what interactions are occurring.

Answer 19

In axial coding the analyst locates and links action-interaction within a framework of subconcepts that give it meaning and enable it to explain what interactions are occurring.

Question 20

A paradigm is … a strategy to integrate structure and process. The outcome is a full conceptual description.

Answer 20

a strategy to integrate structure and process. The outcome is a full conceptual description.

Question 21

When reading a qualitative research study, what term would describe a qualitative data analytic method?
A) Chi-square
B) Independent t-test
C) Logistic regression
D) Content analysis

Answer 21

Answer: D, content analysis.

Content analysis, Qualitative content analysis, thematic content analysis are all variations of a term seen to describe the data analysis for a qualitative article. The other three methods are quantitative methods.

Question 22

What is narrative information in a qualitative study broken down into first?
A) Constructs
B) Theory
C) Codes
D) Themes

Answer 22

Answer: C, codes.

The first analysis of data identifies codes by processes of coding. Themes are identified next, and constructs or theories are the final outcome of a study.

Question 23

Which style of qualitative analysis uses domain analysis?
A) Qualitative Content Analysis
B) Ethnography
C) Phenomenology 
D) Grounded Theory

Answer 23

Answer: B, ethnography.

Ethnographic analysis uses Spradley’s methods which include domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis and theme analysis.

Question 24

Which phenomenologist analyzes artistic works in their analytical methods? 
A) van Manen
B) Colaizzi
C) Heidegger
D) Giorgi

Answer 24

Answer: A, van Manen.

Van Manen included artistic works in his methods. Colaizzi validates results by speaking to study participants. Heidegger used the hermeneutic circle. Giorgi felt it was inappropriate to return to participants to validate findings or to use external judges to review the analysis.

Question 25

What method is present in all areas of grounded theory analysis?
A) selective coding
B) conceptual description
C) paradigm development
D) constant comparison

Answer 25

Answer: D, constant comparison.

Constant comparison is a method used by all the analytical methods. Glaser uses selective coding, and Strauss uses conceptual description and paradigm development