Ch 11

Question 1

General characteristics of qualitative designs include

Answer 1

being flexible
triangulating various data collection strategies
tends to be holistic
requires researchers to invest a lot of time by being intensely involved
has an ongoing data analysis that may alter the design or plan.

Question 2

Qualitative studies are nonexperimental or experimental?

Answer 2

nonexperimental unless they are part of a larger quantitative study

Question 3

do qualitative studies utilize comparison groups

Answer 3

nah

Question 4

One similarity between quantitative and qualitative research is with

Answer 4

time frames

Question 5

Ethnography is…

Answer 5

involves the description and interpretation of a culture and cultural behavior

Question 6

Fieldwork is…

Answer 6

the process by which the ethnographer comes to understand a culture. This process can take a long time as the researcher becomes involved with the group.

Question 7

3 types of info ethnographers seek:

Answer 7

cultural behavior, cultural artifacts, and cultural speech

Question 8

Participant observation involves…

Answer 8

the researcher making observations while participating in activities

Question 9

Ethnonursing research is…

Answer 9

the study and analysis of the local or indigenous people’s viewpoints, beliefs, and practices about nursing care behavior and processes of designated cultures.

Question 10

Phenomenology seeks to…

Answer 10

understand people’s everyday life experiences

Question 11

phenomenology generally has a small or large sample size?

Answer 11

small

Question 12

Descriptive phenomenology includes four steps:

Answer 12

Bracketing (the process of identifying and holding in abeyance preconceived beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon understudy. In other words, begin the study with an open mind. A reflexive journal is used to help the researcher maintain the open mind.)

Intuiting (remaining open to the meanings attributed to a phenomenon by those who have experienced it)

Analysis (extracting significant statements, categorizing, and making sense of essential meanings)

Describing (understanding and defining the phenomenon)

Question 13

Interpretive phenomenology focuses on…

Answer 13

interpreting and understanding the human experience

Question 14

Hermeneutics is…

Answer 14

the art and philosophy and interpreting the meaning of an objective such as a test or work

Question 15

who is the founder of interpretive phenomenology

Answer 15

Heidegger

Question 16

(what) does not occur in interpretive phenomenology

Answer 16

bracketing

Question 17

phenomenology: forms of data collection

Answer 17

In-depth interviews are the primary form of data collection, and will also use other sources such as novels, or poetry during the conversation or afterwards with analysis

Question 18

names associated with a descriptive phenomenology

Answer 18

Colaizzi, Van Kaam, or Giorgi

Question 19

names associated with a interpretive phenomenology

Answer 19

van Manen or Benner

Question 20

who developed grounded theory?

Answer 20

Glaser and Strauss

Question 21

grounded theory has theoretical roots in…

Answer 21

symbolic interaction, which focuses on the manner in which people make sense of social interactions

Question 22

grounded theory: behavior is geared towards

Answer 22

resolving a main problem, known as a core variable

Question 23

grounded theory: one type of core variable which explains the process of resolving the problem.

Answer 23

The basic social process

Question 24

grounded theory: Data collection, data analysis, and sampling of participants occur at diff. times or simultaneously?

Answer 24

simultaneously

Question 25

Grounded theory usually involves how many people

Answer 25

20-30

Question 26

how is the data collected in grounded theory?

Answer 26

the data is collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation

Question 27

what is historical research

Answer 27

Historical research is the systematic collection and critical evaluation of data relating to past occurrences. It is a retrospective review of past written records, diaries, letters, newspapers, medical documents and so forth

Question 28

what are case studies

Answer 28

Case Studies focus on an entity which can be an individual, an institution, or other social unit. The entity is considered the center stage and the study does an in-depth exploration. Case studies provide a wealth of information, take considerable time, can have bias, and lack the ability to be generalizable

Question 29

what are narrative analyses

Answer 29

Narrative analyses focuses on the story that can be used to understand specific events and situations that require linking an inner world of needs to an external world of observable actions.

Question 30

If an article identifies itself as a qualitative study but does not fit a particular design, it is called a ___

Answer 30

descriptive qualitative study.

Question 31

Critical Theory leads to

Answer 31

critical ethnography which focuses on raising consciousness in the hope of effecting social change with the goal of undermining oppressive systems.

Question 32

Feminist research is similar to

Answer 32

critical theory with a focus on gender discrimination within patriarchal societies.

Question 33

Participatory Action Research works with

Answer 33

vulnerable groups to produce knowledge about a problem, actions to be taken, empowerment, and consciousness raising.

Question 34

What is one similarity between quantitative and qualitative research designs?
A) Blinding
B) Control
C) Randomization
D) Time designs

Answer 34

Answer: D, time designs.

Both qualitative and quantitative studies can use cross-sectional or longitudinal designs. Qualitative studies do not use blinding, control, or randomization.

Question 35

Which type of qualitative study design involves fieldwork?
A) Ethnography
B) Phenomenology
C) Grounded Theory
D) Case studies

Answer 35

Answer: A, ethnography

Ethnographic studies require the researchers to involve themselves in the culture and to perform fieldwork to become involved for a length of time

Question 36

Which term is applicable to interpretive phenomenology?
A) Bracketing
B) Hermeneutics 
C) Intuiting
D) Describing

Answer 36

Answer: B, hermeneutics

Bracketing, intuiting, analyzing, and describing are four traits of descriptive phenomenology. Hermeneutics is characteristic to interpretive phenomenology.

Question 37

Which type of qualitative research focuses on a core variable?
A) Ethnography
B) Phenomenology
C) Grounded theory
D) Narrative analysis

Answer 37

Answer C, grounded theory.

Grounded theory focuses on behavior targeted towards a problem or core variable.

Question 38

Which type of qualitative research method focuses on a single entity?
A) Ethnography
B) Phenomenology
C) Grounded Theory
D) Case Studies

Answer 38

Answer: D, case studies.

Case studies focus on a single entity which can include a person, family, social group or unit. The other study types use varying sample sizes.