Ch 11 Flashcards
General characteristics of qualitative designs include
being flexible
triangulating various data collection strategies
tends to be holistic
requires researchers to invest a lot of time by being intensely involved
has an ongoing data analysis that may alter the design or plan.
Qualitative studies are nonexperimental or experimental?
nonexperimental unless they are part of a larger quantitative study
do qualitative studies utilize comparison groups
nah
One similarity between quantitative and qualitative research is with
time frames
Ethnography is…
involves the description and interpretation of a culture and cultural behavior
Fieldwork is…
the process by which the ethnographer comes to understand a culture. This process can take a long time as the researcher becomes involved with the group.
3 types of info ethnographers seek:
cultural behavior, cultural artifacts, and cultural speech
Participant observation involves…
the researcher making observations while participating in activities
Ethnonursing research is…
the study and analysis of the local or indigenous people’s viewpoints, beliefs, and practices about nursing care behavior and processes of designated cultures.
Phenomenology seeks to…
understand people’s everyday life experiences
phenomenology generally has a small or large sample size?
small
Descriptive phenomenology includes four steps:
Bracketing (the process of identifying and holding in abeyance preconceived beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon understudy. In other words, begin the study with an open mind. A reflexive journal is used to help the researcher maintain the open mind.)
Intuiting (remaining open to the meanings attributed to a phenomenon by those who have experienced it)
Analysis (extracting significant statements, categorizing, and making sense of essential meanings)
Describing (understanding and defining the phenomenon)
Interpretive phenomenology focuses on…
interpreting and understanding the human experience
Hermeneutics is…
the art and philosophy and interpreting the meaning of an objective such as a test or work
who is the founder of interpretive phenomenology
Heidegger
(what) does not occur in interpretive phenomenology
bracketing
phenomenology: forms of data collection
In-depth interviews are the primary form of data collection, and will also use other sources such as novels, or poetry during the conversation or afterwards with analysis
names associated with a descriptive phenomenology
Colaizzi, Van Kaam, or Giorgi
names associated with a interpretive phenomenology
van Manen or Benner
who developed grounded theory?
Glaser and Strauss
grounded theory has theoretical roots in…
symbolic interaction, which focuses on the manner in which people make sense of social interactions
grounded theory: behavior is geared towards
resolving a main problem, known as a core variable
grounded theory: one type of core variable which explains the process of resolving the problem.
The basic social process
grounded theory: Data collection, data analysis, and sampling of participants occur at diff. times or simultaneously?
simultaneously
Grounded theory usually involves how many people
20-30
how is the data collected in grounded theory?
the data is collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation
what is historical research
Historical research is the systematic collection and critical evaluation of data relating to past occurrences. It is a retrospective review of past written records, diaries, letters, newspapers, medical documents and so forth
what are case studies
Case Studies focus on an entity which can be an individual, an institution, or other social unit. The entity is considered the center stage and the study does an in-depth exploration. Case studies provide a wealth of information, take considerable time, can have bias, and lack the ability to be generalizable
what are narrative analyses
Narrative analyses focuses on the story that can be used to understand specific events and situations that require linking an inner world of needs to an external world of observable actions.
If an article identifies itself as a qualitative study but does not fit a particular design, it is called a ___
descriptive qualitative study.
Critical Theory leads to
critical ethnography which focuses on raising consciousness in the hope of effecting social change with the goal of undermining oppressive systems.
Feminist research is similar to
critical theory with a focus on gender discrimination within patriarchal societies.
Participatory Action Research works with
vulnerable groups to produce knowledge about a problem, actions to be taken, empowerment, and consciousness raising.
What is one similarity between quantitative and qualitative research designs? A) Blinding B) Control C) Randomization D) Time designs
Answer: D, time designs.
Both qualitative and quantitative studies can use cross-sectional or longitudinal designs. Qualitative studies do not use blinding, control, or randomization.
Which type of qualitative study design involves fieldwork? A) Ethnography B) Phenomenology C) Grounded Theory D) Case studies
Answer: A, ethnography
Ethnographic studies require the researchers to involve themselves in the culture and to perform fieldwork to become involved for a length of time
Which term is applicable to interpretive phenomenology? A) Bracketing B) Hermeneutics C) Intuiting D) Describing
Answer: B, hermeneutics
Bracketing, intuiting, analyzing, and describing are four traits of descriptive phenomenology. Hermeneutics is characteristic to interpretive phenomenology.
Which type of qualitative research focuses on a core variable? A) Ethnography B) Phenomenology C) Grounded theory D) Narrative analysis
Answer C, grounded theory.
Grounded theory focuses on behavior targeted towards a problem or core variable.
Which type of qualitative research method focuses on a single entity? A) Ethnography B) Phenomenology C) Grounded Theory D) Case Studies
Answer: D, case studies.
Case studies focus on a single entity which can include a person, family, social group or unit. The other study types use varying sample sizes.
