ch 16 Flashcards
What are the four functions of the urinary system?
Excretion of Metabolic Wastes, Maintenance of Salt-Water Balance, Maintenance of Acid-Base Balance, Secretion of Hormones
These functions are critical for maintaining homeostasis in the body.
How does urine and feces biologically compare?
Feces - undigested food plus bacteria that was never inside the tissue; Urine - carries metabolic wastes from cell metabolism but should be bacteria-free
This distinction highlights the different roles of the urinary and digestive systems.
What is removed from the body via the urinary system?
Waste products, excess water, and salts
These substances are essential for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.
What system removes uric acid?
The kidneys
Uric acid is a waste product of purine metabolism.
What system removes salt?
The urinary system
This process helps regulate electrolyte balance in the body.
What system removes bicarbonate?
Kidneys
Bicarbonate plays a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance.
What system removes urea?
The kidneys and the urinary system
Urea is a major waste product formed from protein metabolism.
What system removes feces?
The digestive system
This is distinct from the urinary system, which deals with liquid waste.
What is the function of the ureter?
Conduct urine from kidney to bladder
The ureter has a three-layered wall consisting of inner mucosa, smooth muscle, and outer connective tissue.
What is the location of the ureter?
Connected to the renal pelvis
This connection is critical for the transport of urine.
Does the excretion of metabolic wastes contribute to homeostasis?
Yes
This includes maintenance of water-salt balance and acid-base balance.
Does the maintenance of water-salt balance contribute to homeostasis?
Yes
This is essential for fluid balance and overall health.
Does the excretion of proteins and nucleotides contribute to homeostasis?
No
This is because they are typically retained in the body.
Why is it a good thing to have a bladder?
It acts as a storage organ for urine and filters waste products
This allows for controlled excretion.
What are some differences between male and female urinary systems?
The male urethra is significantly longer and has a dual role of urination and semen transport; the female urethra is shorter and solely for urination
These anatomical differences can affect urinary health.
What other organ system does the urethra serve in males?
Urinary and reproductive systems
This dual function is unique to males.
What problem can an enlarged prostate cause in males?
Can cause blockage of the flow of urine in the urethra
This condition can lead to urinary retention and discomfort.
What mechanism(s) is involved in the nervous control of urination?
Two sphincter muscles control the release of urine into the urethra
This control is essential for voluntary urination.
What is the function of the bladder?
Stores urine
This storage capacity allows for regulated urination.
What is the location of the bladder?
Just posterior to the pubic symphysis
Its position is important for its function.
How many openings does the bladder have?
3
These openings include two for the ureters and one for the urethra.
Should blood normally contain urine?
No
The presence of urine in blood indicates a serious medical issue.
Which organs should only contain urine?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
These organs are part of the urinary system.
What is the nephron considered?
The functional units of the kidney
Nephrons are essential for filtering blood and forming urine.