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A+P > A&P Chapter 12 > Flashcards

A&P Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, capillaries, veins

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2
Q

What are the differences between the types of blood vessels?

A

Veins - smaller than arteries, mainly deoxygenated blood

Arteries - large, mainly oxygenated

Capillaries - gas exchange, small diameter, very narrow

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3
Q

Be able to correctly match a vessel with its function and/or location. (list the vess and its function and location)

A

Veins - contain most of overall blood volume, to the heart

Arteries - can control blood pressure, away from the heart (thick muscular layer)

Capillaries - oxygen and nutrient exchange

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of capillaries?

A

Thin walls
joins arteries to venules
extremely narrow

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5
Q

What is the function and location of the endocardium, pericardium and myocardium?

A

Endocardium

Pericardium - outer sac that encloses the heart and provides lubrication

myocardium

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6
Q

Be able to trace a drop of blood through the chambers and valves of the heart. (list the vessels and parts of the heart in order of blood flow)
CHAMBERS VERSION

A

Right atrium -> right ventricle -> left atrium -> left ventricle

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7
Q

Be able to trace a drop of blood through the chambers and valves of the heart. (list the vessels and parts of the heart in order of blood flow)
VALVES VERSION

A

Right atrioventricular valve -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> left atrioventricular valve -> aortic semilunar valve

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8
Q

Contraction of the ventricle forces blood into what?. And contraction of the atria forces blood into what?

A

Pulmonary artery

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9
Q

Know the phases of the ECG and what each phase indicates. (list the phases and what happens at each phase)

A

QRS wave

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10
Q

Which vessel has the highest concentration of carbon dioxide?

A

Pulmonary artery

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11
Q

Where does oxygenated and/or deoxygenated blood enter the heart?

A

Oxygenated - left atrium

Deoxygenated - right atrium

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12
Q

What supplies blood to the heart?

A

Coronary artery

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13
Q

Where does the blood in the coronary artery come from?

A

aorta

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14
Q

What does 120/80 mean?

A

120 Systolic pressure

80 diastolic pressure

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15
Q

Why does blood move slowly in the capillaries?

A

Pick up all the groceries !!

It provides time for substances to be exchanged between blood and tissue fluids

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16
Q

What does the return of blood to the heart depend on?

A

Skeletal muscle contractions
The presence of valves
Limb movement
Blood pressure

17
Q

What are the risks of sitting (or standing for hours, or crossing the legs) for a long time?

A

Veins do not move the blood as easily. Clots could form. Clots could travel to other parts of the body and cause blockages

18
Q

What are the differences between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins and why are they different from other arteries and veins?

A

Pulmonary arteries - deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Pulmonary veins - oxygenated blood to the heart

Typically arteries are oxygenated

Typically veins are deoxygenated

19
Q
A
20
Q

Be able to correctly match a cell type with its function. (list the cell types and their function)

A

Red blood cells - transport oxygen

White blood cells - fight infection

Water - maintains blood volume

Oxygen - cellular respiration

21
Q

What is found in blood?

A

Gibrinogen
Glucose
Oxygen
Glycogen
NOT UREA. THAT’S URINE.

22
Q

Be able to identify different disorders of the blood. (list the different disorders of the blood)

A

Low hemoglobin - anemia

23
Q

What are the types of white blood cells?

A

Neutrophils and lymphocytes

24
Q

What can carbon monoxide do to you?

A

Combined with hemoglobin more readily than oxygen and stays combined for hours, making oxygen unavailable for cell respiration

25
Q

What elements are necessary for blood clotting?

A

calcium

26
Q

What are the functions of platelets?

A

Blood clotting, they get trapped in the fibrinogen networks

27
Q

What is the location and function of stem cells?

A

Adult - bone marrow - can differentiate into many cell types, including neurons

Embryonic - embryo - can differentiate into ALL cell types, including neurons

28
Q

What are the differences between atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart murmurs, and embolisms?

A

Atherosclerosis - accumulation of cholesterol beneath the inner linings of arteries

Coronary heart disease -

Hypertension -

Heart murmurs -

Embolisms - how do they form?

29
Q

What are the differences between thrombus and embolus?

A

Clot called that remains at its origin - thrombus

Breaks away and becomes lodged in longs - embolus

30
Q
A

A+P (2 decks)

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