A&P Chapter 12 Flashcards
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries, capillaries, veins
What are the differences between the types of blood vessels?
Veins - smaller than arteries, mainly deoxygenated blood
Arteries - large, mainly oxygenated
Capillaries - gas exchange, small diameter, very narrow
Be able to correctly match a vessel with its function and/or location. (list the vess and its function and location)
Veins - contain most of overall blood volume, to the heart
Arteries - can control blood pressure, away from the heart (thick muscular layer)
Capillaries - oxygen and nutrient exchange
What are the characteristics of capillaries?
Thin walls
joins arteries to venules
extremely narrow
What is the function and location of the endocardium, pericardium and myocardium?
Endocardium
Pericardium - outer sac that encloses the heart and provides lubrication
myocardium
Be able to trace a drop of blood through the chambers and valves of the heart. (list the vessels and parts of the heart in order of blood flow)
CHAMBERS VERSION
Right atrium -> right ventricle -> left atrium -> left ventricle
Be able to trace a drop of blood through the chambers and valves of the heart. (list the vessels and parts of the heart in order of blood flow)
VALVES VERSION
Right atrioventricular valve -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> left atrioventricular valve -> aortic semilunar valve
Contraction of the ventricle forces blood into what?. And contraction of the atria forces blood into what?
Pulmonary artery
Know the phases of the ECG and what each phase indicates. (list the phases and what happens at each phase)
QRS wave
Which vessel has the highest concentration of carbon dioxide?
Pulmonary artery
Where does oxygenated and/or deoxygenated blood enter the heart?
Oxygenated - left atrium
Deoxygenated - right atrium
What supplies blood to the heart?
Coronary artery
Where does the blood in the coronary artery come from?
aorta
What does 120/80 mean?
120 Systolic pressure
80 diastolic pressure
Why does blood move slowly in the capillaries?
Pick up all the groceries !!
It provides time for substances to be exchanged between blood and tissue fluids
What does the return of blood to the heart depend on?
Skeletal muscle contractions
The presence of valves
Limb movement
Blood pressure
What are the risks of sitting (or standing for hours, or crossing the legs) for a long time?
Veins do not move the blood as easily. Clots could form. Clots could travel to other parts of the body and cause blockages
What are the differences between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins and why are they different from other arteries and veins?
Pulmonary arteries - deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Pulmonary veins - oxygenated blood to the heart
Typically arteries are oxygenated
Typically veins are deoxygenated
Be able to correctly match a cell type with its function. (list the cell types and their function)
Red blood cells - transport oxygen
White blood cells - fight infection
Water - maintains blood volume
Oxygen - cellular respiration
What is found in blood?
Gibrinogen
Glucose
Oxygen
Glycogen
NOT UREA. THAT’S URINE.
Be able to identify different disorders of the blood. (list the different disorders of the blood)
Low hemoglobin - anemia
What are the types of white blood cells?
Neutrophils and lymphocytes
What can carbon monoxide do to you?
Combined with hemoglobin more readily than oxygen and stays combined for hours, making oxygen unavailable for cell respiration
What elements are necessary for blood clotting?
calcium
What are the functions of platelets?
Blood clotting, they get trapped in the fibrinogen networks
What is the location and function of stem cells?
Adult - bone marrow - can differentiate into many cell types, including neurons
Embryonic - embryo - can differentiate into ALL cell types, including neurons
What are the differences between atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, heart murmurs, and embolisms?
Atherosclerosis - accumulation of cholesterol beneath the inner linings of arteries
Coronary heart disease -
Hypertension -
Heart murmurs -
Embolisms - how do they form?
What are the differences between thrombus and embolus?
Clot called that remains at its origin - thrombus
Breaks away and becomes lodged in longs - embolus
