AP Chapter 14 – Digestive System and Nutrition

Question 1

What are the three functions of the digestive system?

(hint)

____ breakdown of food
____ breakdown of food
​
____ of waste products
____ of food molecules

Answer 1

chemical breakdown of food
mechanical breakdown of food

elimination of waste products
absorption of food molecules

Question 2

What is mechanical digestion?

____ of the food
____ and ____ of the food in the ____

Answer 2

chewing of the food
churning and mixing of the food in the stomach

Question 3

What is chemical digestion?

____ breaking down ____

Answer 3

enzymes breaking down proteins

Question 4

What are three functions of the tongue?

the tongue functions to mix ____ with ____ and assist in ____
a person’s tongue is used for articulating ____
the tongue consists of ____ muscle under ____ control
the tongue is ____ to the floor of the ____

Answer 4

the tongue functions to mix food with saliva and assist in swallowing
a person’s tongue is used for articulating sounds
the tongue consists of skeletal muscle under voluntary control
the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth

Question 5

List the layers of a tooth from the outside to the inside

3 layers, starts with e -> d -> p

Answer 5

enamel -> dentin -> pulp

Question 6

Where does starch begin its digestion?

common sense

Answer 6

The mouth

Question 7

What is the function of the epiglottis?

food is ____ from entering the ____

Answer 7

food is prevented from entering the trachea

Question 8

Which organ does not actively participate in digestion?

starts with an e

Answer 8

esophogus

Question 9

What are some symptoms of heartburn?

____ in upper ____ or ____
some of the ____ contents escape back into the lower ____

Answer 9

burning in upper chest or throat
some of the stomach contents escape back into the lower esophagus

Question 10

What are some causes of heartburn?

some of the ____ contents escape back into the lower ____

Answer 10

some of the stomach contents escape back into the lower esophagus

Question 11

What are the functions of sphincter muscles?

muscles that encircle ____ and act as ____

Answer 11

muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves

Question 12

What are the layers of the esophagus?

m -> subm -> ____ muscle -> s

Answer 12

mucosa -> sunmucosa -> smooth muscle -> serosa

Question 13

What is the function of each layer of the intestinal wall?

____ - first absorbs nutrients from the ____
____ - produces ____ to move materials inside the ____
____ - for ____, movement of ____
____ - makes ____ fluid to ____ friction

Answer 13

Mucosa - first absorbs nutrients from the lumen
Submucosa - produces mucous to move materials inside the instine
Muscularis - for paristalsis, movement of materail
seosa - makes serous fluid to reduce friction

Question 14

What are the functions of the stomach?

storage of ____
mixing of ____ with ____ fluids
allow ____ digestion of food

Answer 14

storage of food
mixing of food with digestive fluids
allow chemical digestion of food

Question 15

What digestive juices are produced in the stomach?

(2)

P____
H____ A___

Answer 15

pepsin
hydrochloric acid

Question 16

What are the functions of the small intestine?

a ____ duct that introduces basic fluids to ____ the stomach acid
a duct from the ____ that introduces bile
____ for absorption
arrival of ____ acidic stomach contents

Answer 16

a pancreatic duct that introduces basic fluids to neutralize the stomach acid
a duct from the liver that introduces bile
villi for absorption
arrival of highly acidic stomach contents

Question 17

Where are villi and microvilli located?

fingerlike projections along the surface of the ____ intestine

Answer 17

fingerlike projections along the surface of the small intestine

Question 18

Where is the location of the duodenum?

first ____ cm of ____ intestine

Answer 18

first 25 cm of small intestine

Question 19

What is located at the duodenum?

location of the ____ bile ducts
neutralize the ____ from the stomach

Answer 19

location of the pancreatic bile ducts
neutralize the chyme from the stomach

Question 20

What is the function of secretin?

it functions to release of bile from the ____ and the release of ____ juices

Answer 20

it functions to release of bile from the gallbladder and the release of pancreatic juices

Question 21

What is the function of sodium bicarbonate?

neutralization of ____ arriving at the ____ intestine

Answer 21

neutralization of chyme arriving at the small intestine

Question 22

What conditions are necessary to digest protein?

p____, H____, w____, p____

Answer 22

protein, HCI, water, pepsin

Question 23

What conditions are necessary to digest fats?

f____, b____ s____, s____ b____, w____, l____

Answer 23

fat, bile salts, sodium bicarbonate, water, lipaes

Question 24

What does pepsin digest?

p____

Answer 24

proteins

Question 25

What does trypsin digest? ## Footnote p____

Answer 25

proteins

Question 26

What does salivary amylase digest? ## Footnote s____ a____-s____

Answer 26

salivary amylase-starch

Question 27

What does lipase digest? ## Footnote l____-f____

Answer 27

lipase-fat

Question 28

What does maltase digest? ## Footnote m____-m____

Answer 28

maltase-maltose

Question 29

Where does protein digestion take place? ## Footnote s____ and ____ intestine

Answer 29

stomach and small intestine

Question 30

What is the USDA dietary recommendations (food pyramid/my plate)? ## Footnote ____ should come from poultry ____ and ____ sources whole grain products are a good source of ____ carbohydrates and fiber white bread and other refined carbohydrates should be eaten ____, salt intake should be ____

Answer 30

protein should come from poultry fish and plant sources whole grain products are a good source of complex carbohydrates and fiber white bread and other refined carbohydrates should be eaten rarely, if at all salt intake should be low

Question 31

What are the functions of dietary fiber in your diet? ## Footnote ____ of bile salts ____ of bulk to the digestive tract a ____ risk of constipation a possible ____ risk of polyp formation

Answer 31

dilution of bile salts addition of bulk to the digestive tract a decrease risk of constipation a possible decreased risk of polyp formation

Question 32

What are considered the “good fats”? ## Footnote HDL c____ ____ fatty acids

Answer 32

HDL cholesterol unsaturated fatty acids

Question 33

What are the functions and sources of vitamin A? ## Footnote a vital source of Vitamin A is deep ____ ____

Answer 33

a vital source of Vitamin A is deep yellow/orange vegetables

Question 34

What are the functions and sources of vitamin B? ## Footnote many B vitamins can be obtained from ____ ____ ____ or ____ grains

Answer 34

many B vitamins can be obtained from green leafy vegetables or whole grains

Question 35

What are the functions and sources of vitamin D? ## Footnote vitamin d is necessary for proper ____ absorption

Answer 35

vitamin d is necessary for proper calcium absorption

Question 36

What are the functions and sources of vitamin C? ## Footnote a deficiency in Vitamin C can cause ____ healing of wounds

Answer 36

a deficiency in Vitamin C can cause delayed healing of wounds

Question 37

What are the functions and sources of antioxidants? ## Footnote chemical found in ____ and ____, that defend against free r____

Answer 37

chemical found in fruits and vegetables, that defend against free radicals

Question 38

What minerals are required by the body? ## Footnote simple

Answer 38

iron

Question 39

What are the characteristics of obesity? ## Footnote s____ activities f____ eating habits excessive intake of ____ foods body content above ____ ideal body weight

Answer 39

sedentary activities family eating habits excessive intake of fatty foods body content above 20% ideal body weight

Question 40

What is Helicobacter pylori? ## Footnote most ____ are due to stomach ____ with this ____

Answer 40

most ulcers are due to stomach infection with this bacterium

Question 41

What are the symptoms and causes of diarrhea? ## Footnote ____ intestine becomes irritated and ____ increases

Answer 41

large intestine becomes irritated and peristaisis increases

Question 42

What are the symptoms and causes of ulcers? ## Footnote h____ p____ experiments that showed that h____ p____ i____ was the cause of many ulcers

Answer 42

heliobacter pyoli experiments that showed that helicobater pylori infection was the cause of many ulcers

Question 43

What are the symptoms and causes of constipation? ## Footnote constipation - too ____ movement of feces permitting ____ and ____ feces

Answer 43

constipation - too slow movement of feces permitting hard and dry feces

Question 44

What are the symptoms and causes of polyps? ## Footnote polyps - ____ growths on the e____ lining that can become c____

Answer 44

polyps - small growths on the epithelial lining that can become cancerous

Question 45

What are the symptoms and causes of hepatitis? ## Footnote hepatitis - inflammation of the ____

Answer 45

hepatitis - inflammation of the liver