Ch 15 - The stifle joint Flashcards
What is the number 3?
Lateral fabella of the gastronecmius. This is more proximal than the medial fabella.
Which number represents the ORIGIN of the gastrocnemius muscle?
- Lateral and medial supracondylar tuberosity of the femur
Origin: Lateral head arises by a large tendon of the lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur. The medial head arises on the medial supracondylar tuberosity of the femur. Insertion: Via the calcaneal tendon to the tuber calcanei. Action: Primarily extends the tarsal joint; slight flexion of the stifle joint.
ML porjection of the stifle joint of a cat, what is represented in 1c?
Trochlear ridges
Why is false about a craniodistal–cranioproximal oblique (CrDi-CrPrO) view of the patella?
a. Non-displaced and comminuted patellar fractures
b. Patellar luxation
c. Also known as a skyline view
d. the affected limb is extended
d. Flexed position
1.5-year-old neutered male Labrador Retriever was evaluated for mild lameness of the right pelvic limb of 6 months’ duration. Select the most likely DDx:
a. Avulsion of the popliteal tendon
b. Avulsion of he long digital extensor
c. Traumatic fracture of the lateral femoral condyle
d. Avulsion of the lateral collateral ligament
The long digital extensor origins from the extensor fossa that it is slightly cranially that the origin of the popliteus. Additionally in this case there is distomedial displacement of the popliteal sesamoid.
Non-ossification of the ___ fabella can be an
occasional finding in the ____.
medial, cat
The _______ is a radiolucent defect on the lateral femoral condyle, which corresponds with
the origin of the long digital extensor tendon. It should not be confused with OC or OCD, or be associated with a ligament avulsion.
extensor fossa
Which muscle inserts in the trochlear groove of the femur and is related with the patella?
a. Gastrocnemius
b. Popliteal muscle
c. Quadriceps
d. Vastus medialis
c. Quadriceps
What this picture of a Xbreed wihotu clinical signs likely represent?
a. Meniscal calcification
b. Fragmented popliteal sesamoid
c. Multipartite popliteal sesamoid
d. Avulsion fracture of the popliteal tendon
c. Multipartite popliteal sesamoid
To know more:
The patella, the popliteal sesamoid and the fabellae
can be bipartite or multipartite occasionally, as
the manifestation of a congenital abnormality. Bipartite and multipartite sesamoids are not associated with clinical signs and can be uni- or bilateral
Multipartite or fragmented sesamoids are most commonly seen affecting the medial fabella, with Poodles and Fox Terriers appearing to be predisposed. Fractures of the lateral fabella have been reported in the dog and may be associated with avulsion of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle.
Regarding neoplasias, the stifle si a predilection site for ______. _______ can occur in the patella, the distal femur or the proximal tibia. Other tumor reported in the stifle is ______.
- Synovial sarcoma
-Osteosarcoma - Histiocytic sarcoma
The radiological changes associated with ____ septic
arthritis of the stifle include joint effusion, progressing
to multiple subchondral lytic areas.
Subchondral sclerosis and bony ankylosis may be seen in _____ cases.
Fungal osteomyelitis (the most common
causative agent in Europe is _____ can occasionally localize to the stifle joint. The most important differentialdiagnosis for septic arthritis is _____, although erosive immune-mediated polyarthropathies should also be considered.
Acute, chronic, Aspergillus, neoplasia
Regarding osteoarthrosis, which of the following in which location are the osteophytes?
a. joint capsule attachment on the proximal trochlear
ridges
b. femoral epicondyles
c. proximal and distal patella
d. fabellae and popliteal sesamoid
e. proximal tibia.
e. Proximal tibia
Which approcimately % cases are associated with CTWO/TPLO post-operatory raidographs?
a. 10%
b. 28%
c. 38%
d. 12%
Complications are reported in up to 28% of cases, and include surgical site infection, tibial fracture, patellar tendon thickening, screw breakage, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis and fibular fracture
To know more:
Postoperative radiographs are taken to assess osteotomy position, alignment and apposition, implant position and limb alignment
What is false about genu valgum?
a. secondary to disturbance of a distal
femoral or a proximal tibial physis
b. 4–5 months of age
c. Tends to be bilateral
d. Small breeds
d.giant breeds (such as the Irish Wolfhound
To know more:
CdCr or CrCd views of the stifle will reveal medial bowing of the distal stifle and there may be lateral luxation of the patella
What is the structure indicated by the arrow?
a. Extensor fossa
b. OC/OCD
c. Lateral epicondylar fracture
d. Normal variant
b. OC/OCD
To know more:
It
can affect both medial and lateral femoral condyles.
Radiological findings include flattening of the articular
surface of one femoral condyle (usually the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle), a subchondral bone defect, possibly with adjacent sclerosis, and free mineralized fragments (joint mice)
Congenital patellar luxation can be seen in small or toy-breed dogs and in medium- to large-breed dogs, e.g. Labrador Retrievers, and is medial in direction in ____% of cases.
80–90%
Abnormal imaging findings can include:
* A luxated patella on either side of the trochlear ridge
* A shallow trochlear groove as well as bony
abnormalities of the hip joints and femur (coxa vara,
lateral bowing of the distal femur, retroversion of the
femoral head and neck)
* Medial deviation of the tibia
OCD or avulsion of the long digital extensor fossa?
Normal or abnormal in a 5 months old dog?
To know more:
Tibial tuberosity avulsion is
usually seen in young dogs (<8–10 months of age).
Immature Greyhounds and terriers appear to be predisposed
(Gower et al., 2008). Another presentation of this
injury is a Salter–Harris type II fracture of the proximal
tibial physis (Figure 15.18). ML and CdCr views of both
stifle joints will confirm this diagnosis. The radiological
findings include displacement of the tibial tuberosity,
approximately 1 cm proximal to the tibial plateau.
