Ch 14 - hip joint and pelvis

Question 1

Which type of mucopolysaccharidosis (enzimatic defects associated with accumulation of glycosaminoglycans) mimic severe hip dysplasia and most common causes bilateral femoral head luxation?
a. Type I
b Type VI
c. Type II
d. Type III

Answer 1

c. Type II, may mimic severe HD and most commonly
causes bilateral femoral head luxation

To know more:
type VI: typical radiographic
changes include:
1. vertebral deformity
2. fusion of the cervical
vertebrae
3. hip laxity and luxation due to dysplastic acetabula
4. epiphyseal dysplasia
5. Pectus excavatum

Question 2

Regarding feline hip dysplasia, what of the following is FALSE?
a. Shallower acetabula
b. The normal Norberg angle can be as small as 95 degrees
c. Degenerative changes tend to develop later and are less marked in comparison to canine
d. Osteophytes mainly involve the Cd acetabular margin.

Answer 2

d. Osteophytes mainly involve the CrAE

To know more: Anatomical differences in the normal feline hip compared
with those of dogs are (Figures 14.37 and 14.38):
* Shallower acetabula
* The normal Norberg angle can be as small as 95 degrees
* The DI is larger in normal cats: cats with a DI <0.4 do not show any signs of degenerative joint disease.
Differences between feline HD and canine HD:
* Degenerative changes tend to develop later and are less marked
* Osteophytes mainly involve the CrAE
* Cats with a Norberg angle <84 degrees are likely to develop osteoarthrosis
* A DI of 0.6 predisposes to degenerative changes.

Question 2

Which are not predisposed breeds for slipped capital femoral epiphyses
a. Labrador Retrievers
b. Shetland Sheepdogs
c. Yorkshire

Question 2

What is false about avascular femoral head necrosis?
a. Commonly affects young toy and small breeds
b. Suspected autosomal recessive inheritance in terrier breeds
c. In up to 90% of the cases de disease is bilateral
d. Radiographs have poor diagnostic sensitivity during early stages and MRI can overcome this deficiency

Answer 2

c. In up to 90% of the cases de disease is unilateral

Question 2

In which type of lumbosacral transitional vertebra, the presumed L7 has a sacral wing with broad attachment to the ilium and often to the wing of the sacrum (no free tip)?
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3

Answer 2

c. Type 3

Question 3

What the image show in this cat?
a. Coxofemoral luxation associated to osteophytosis, likley hip dysplasia
b. Avulsion fracture of the lesser trochanter
c. Avulsion fracture of the round ligament
d. None of the above

Answer 3

c. Avulsion fracture of the round ligament (confirmed at surgery) and dorsocranial luxation of the femoral head.

To know more:
The round ligament, also known as the teres ligament, is a strong ligament that stabilizes the hip joint in cats:
Location
Originates in the acetabular fossa and inserts into the fovea capitis of the femur

Question 3

What is false about physeal closure times in dogs?
a. Acetabulum: 9-10 months
b. Pelvic symphysis: 4–5 months
c. Ischial tuberosity: 10–12 months
d. Iliac crest: 24–36 months, or may remain permanently
open

Answer 3

a. Acetabulum: 4–6 months

To know more:
- Femoral head: 8 months in most breeds, 11 months in giant breeds
- Greater and lesser trochanters: 9–12 months.