Ch 13 - elbow

Question 1

Which is the prefered radiographic view for flexor enthesopathy?
a. ML
b. CrCd
c. Oblique
d. Stress views

Answer 1

a. ML

Question 2

Which of the following proposed etiologies of patella cubiti is INCORRECT?
a. Presence of a sesamoid bone in the triceps insertion ligaments
b. Congenital non-fusion of the olecranon to the ulna
c. Traumatic atypical olecranon avulsion
d. Osteophyte formation due to repetitive stress

Answer 2

d. Osteophyte formation due to repetitive stress

Question 3

What is false about distractio cubiti/dysostosis enchondralis?
a. Conditions which results from non-traumatic asynchronous growth of the radius and ulna
b. Lately result in distal subluxation of the trochlear notch relative to the humeral condyles and radial head
c. It is common in German Sheperd
d. Lameness may start from 3-4 months

Answer 3

c. In Basset Hound, in chrondrodystrophic breeds.

To know more: In all cases there were broadening of the joint space in the elbow joint and degeneration of the articular cartilage at the semilunar notch. An abnormally broad and irregular growth plate was seen in the affected young dogs, and histology revealed obvious abnormalities in the growth plate located in the zone of resting cartilage indicating degenerative disturbances in the cartilage.

Question 4

What is the mineral opacity in the medial aspect of the radial head?
a. Osteophyte
b. Enthesophyte
c. Dystrophic mineralisation of the flexor muscles
d. Dystrophic mineralisation of the extensor muscles.

Answer 4

c. Dystrophic mineralisation of the flexor muscles.
- Same side as flexor enthesopathy from the medial epicondyle.
- From the lateral epicondyle attaches extensor muscles.

Question 5

What is false about ununited medial humeral epicondyle?
a. Occurs mainly in Labrador Retrievers. But German Sheperd and English Setters may also be affected.
b. 15% incidence
c. Diet does influence its incidence
d. Single or multiple mineralized fragments are located extracapsularly,
adjacent to the medial epicondyle

Answer 5

c. Diet does not influence

Question 6

What anatomic landmark is indicated by the line on the top of the image?
a. Medial epicondylar crest
b. Lateral epicondylar crest
c. Radial head
d. olecranon

Answer 6

b. Lateral epicondylar crest

Question 7

Which is not part of the abnormalities included in elbow dysplasia?
a. MCD
b. UAP
c. Elbow incongruity
d. Unnited medial epicondyle

Answer 7

d. Unnited medial epicondyle

OCD of the medial humeral condyle.

Question 8

Mediolateral maximally flexed view with less than ____ degrees between the humerus and the radius/ulna. This view optimizes: Osteophytes on the anconeal process, ___, flexor enthesophaty

Answer 8

45
UAP

Question 9

Supinator longus muscle sesamoid, may be seen in cats and ____ breed dogs.

Answer 9

Large

Question 10

Type of fracture

Answer 10

Monteggia fracture: This is a proximal ulnar fracture
(articular or non-articular) accompanied by cranial luxation
of the proximal radius and distal ulnar fragment (Figure
13.23).

Question 11

Fractures mainly occur through the olecranon physis in ____ animals, or occur more distally and involve the semilunar notch in skeletally
____ animals. The fragment is distracted proximally by the ___ muscle.

Answer 11

Inmature
mature
triceps

Question 12

Regarding incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle. Ossification centres of the capitulum and trochlea, which should normally fuse at ___ months of age.

Answer 12

2-3 months

Question 14

Incomplete ossification imaging description

Answer 14

l radiolucent line up to 1 mm wide, extending proximally from the trochlear articular sur
face to the physeal scar or supratrochlear foramen (50% cases)