Ch 12 - Shoulder and scapula

Question 1

Regarding calcinosis circumscripta, which option of the following is FALSE?
a. Ectopic mineralisation characterized by depositon of calcium salts in soft tissue
b. Lesions are generally solitary
c. Typically affects the lateral metatarsus and digits, elbow, shoulder, spine, hip, footpads and tongue
d. Most common in young large breed dogs, wiht higher incidence seen in English Mastiff

Answer 1

d. Higher incidence in young German Sheperds.

To know more:
https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/239/5/javma.239.5.575.xml

In a study (2005) of 77 dogs with calcinosis circumscripta, the most common lesion locations were the hind limbs (50% of dogs) followed by the tongue (23% of dogs). 53% dogs were male, and 88% were < 4 years of age. Most of the affected dogs were of large breeds, with German Shepherd Dogs being the most commonly affected (27% of dogs). Surgery was curative, and none of the dogs had underlying metabolic diseases.

Question 2

What is FALSE regarding infraspinatus contracture?
a. Uni- or bilateral fibrotic myopathy
b. Typically secondary to trauma in hunting or workign dogs
c. Lameness subsides, but a gait abnormality develops 2-4 weeks after injury
d. Radiographically may reveal widening of the lateral scapulohumeral joint space in CdCr view

Answer 2

d. Narrowing

To know more:
CT findings in a dog with subacute myopathy and later fibrotic
contracture of the infraspinatus muscle (2019)
A 5-year-old Norwegian elkhound was referred due to an acute onset of lameness and persistent shoulder pain over a period of 3 weeks. Computed tomography demonstrated an enlarged,
hypoattenuating right infraspinatus muscle with peripheral contrast enhancement and a nonenhancing center, without concurrent lesions in superficial structures or bones. Progressive atrophy on consecutive CT studies. clinical symptoms compatible with fibrotic infraspinatus contracture 2 months after the initial presentation, treated with infraspinatus tenotomy. Histopathological: fibrotic muscle atrophy and muscle hypertrophy with regeneration.

Question 3

What represents this image:
a. Biceps tendinopathy
b. Avulsion of the supraspinatus tendon
c. Avulsion of the infraspinatus tendon
d. Avulsion of the biceps tendon

Answer 3

Question 4

What represents this image:
a. Ossification centre of the caudal rim
b. Fracture of the caudal rim
c. Dystrophic mineralisation of the glenoid labrum
d. OCD

Answer 4

a. Ossification centre

Question 5

Positive-contrast arthrography technique, what is FALSE?
a. 1-4 ml
b. Contrast should be diluted to 100 mg iodine/ml with sterile saline, otherwise it may mask lesions
c. Exposures have to be made after 5 min of injection to give time to the contrast to spread
d. A synovial fluid sample should be taken before injection

Answer 5

c. Exposures have to be made within 5 minutes of injection because of the rapid abdsorption

Question 6

Comparative anatomy between dogs and cats. Which is FALSE?
a. In the cat, the coracoid process is insignificant
b. In the cat is a shorter bone
c. Metacromion process is present in the cat
d. Large dogs have sometimes rudimentary clavices

Answer 6

a. In the dog, the coracoid process is insignificant. The coracoid process of the cat is in the supraglenoid tubercle.