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ch 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Dislocation

A

Luxation

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2
Q

Partial dislocation

A

Subluxation

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3
Q

Forced wrenching or twisting of a joint that results in partial rupture/tearing of ligaments w/out dislocation.

A

Sprain

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4
Q

Bruise with a possible avulsion fracture.

A

Contusion

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5
Q

Break in a bone

A

Fracture

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6
Q

Fragmented ends of the bone make contact with each other

A

Apposition

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7
Q

Ends of fragments make end to end contact

A

Anatomic apposition

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8
Q

Ends of fragments are aligned but pulled apart and don’t make contact with each other

A

Lack of apposition (distraction)

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9
Q

Fragments overlap and shafts make contact but not at fracture ends

A

Bayonet apposition

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10
Q

Loss of alignment of the fracture

A

Angulation

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11
Q

Direction or angle of apex of the fracture

A

Apex angulation

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12
Q

Distal fragment ends are angled toward midline

A

Varus deformity

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13
Q

Distal fragment ends are angled away from midline

A

Valgus deformity

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14
Q

Fracture in which the bone doesn’t break through the skin

A

Simple (closed) fracture

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15
Q

Portion of the bone protrudes through the skin

A

Compound (open) fracture

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16
Q

Fracture doesn’t traverse through entire bone

A

Incomplete (partial) fracture

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17
Q

Buckle of the cortex- no complete break in the cortex

A

Torus fracture

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18
Q

Fracture is on 1 side only (one side broken, one side bent)

A

Greenstick fracture

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19
Q

Break is complete

A

Complete fracture

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20
Q

Fracture at a near right angle

A

Transverse fx

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21
Q

Fracture at an oblique angle

A

Oblique fx

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22
Q

Bone has been twisted apart and fracture spirals around long axis

A

Spiral fx

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23
Q

Bone is splintered or crushed at site of impact

A

Comminuted fx

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24
Q

Bone is broken in 3 pieces w the middle fragment fractured at both ends

A

segmental fx

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25
Q

2 fragments on each side of a wedge shaped fragment- resembles wings

A

Butterfly Fx

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26
Q

Comminuted fracture in which bone is splintered into thin sharp fragments

A

splintered fx

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27
Q

One fragment driven into the other

A

impacted fx

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28
Q

Fracture of posterior lip of distal radius

A

Barton’s fx

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29
Q

Fracture caused by ball striking the end of finger

A

Baseball fx

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30
Q

Fracture at base of 1st metacarpal

A

Bennett’s fx

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31
Q

Fracture at 5th metacarpal- from punching someone

A

Boxer’s fx

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32
Q

Fracture of wrist, result from falling forward fall on outstretched arm

A

Colle’s fx

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33
Q

Fracture of wrist, result from backward fall on outstretched arm

A

Smith’s fx

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34
Q

Fracture through pedicles of axis (C2)

A

Hangman’s fx

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35
Q

Intra articular fracture of radial styloid process (hand cranked cars would backfire and crank would strike distal forearm)

A

Hutchinson’s (chauffeur’s) fx

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36
Q

Fracture of proximal half of ulna along w/ dislocation of radial head

A

Monteggia’s fx

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37
Q

fracture at distal fibula w/ injury to ankle joint

A

Pott’s fx

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38
Q

Severe stress to a tendon/ligament in joint

A

Avulsion fx

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39
Q

Direct blow to orbit

A

Blowout/tripod fx

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40
Q

involves an isolated bone fragment

A

chip fx

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41
Q

Compression injury

A

compression fx

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42
Q

fracture of skull, fragment depressed

A

depressed fx

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43
Q

fracture through epiphyseal plate

A

epiphyseal fx

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44
Q

disease process w/in bone

A

pathologic fx

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45
Q

fracture lines radiate from central point of injury with starlike pattern- patella

A

stellate fx

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46
Q

fracture is nontraumatic- results from stress on a bone

A

stress/fatigue fx

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47
Q

fracture of ankle joint involves medial/lateral malleoli as well as posterior lip of distal tibia

A

trimalleolar fx

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48
Q

fracture of distal phalanx- crushing blow to finger/thumb

A

tuft/burst fx

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49
Q

nonsurgical procedure

A

closed reduction

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50
Q

exposed w screws, plates, or rods installed as need to maintain alignment

A

open reduction w internal fixation

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51
Q

stiffening of a joint

A

arthrodesis

52
Q

any disease that affects a joint

A

arthropathy

53
Q

creation of an artificial joint

A

arthroplasty

54
Q

Sterile-pathogens are absent

A

asepsis

55
Q

orthopedic screw

A

cancellous screw

56
Q

large screw for internal fixation

A

cannulated screw

57
Q

orthopedic wire that tightens around fracture site

A

cercalge wire

58
Q

used to examine urinary bladder

A

cystoscope

59
Q

screw and plate used to apply force through fracture site

A

dynamic compression plate

60
Q

surgical procedure to reduce proximal femur fractures

A

hip pinning

61
Q

wire used to reduce fractures of wrist, hands, and feet

A

kirschner wire

62
Q

removing an lamina in the vertebra arch

A

laminectomy

63
Q

surgical opening into 1 or more laminae

A

laminotomy

64
Q

crushing calcification in renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder by sound waves

A

lithotripsy

65
Q

remove bony fragments or disk material

A

microdiskectomy

66
Q

herniated disk produces impingement

A

neural impingement

67
Q

orthopedic plate used to fix/connect fractures

A

semitubular plate

68
Q

Drape around a sterile field

A

shower curtain

69
Q

fusion of 1 vertebrae to another

A

spinal fusion

70
Q

degenerative changes that result from enlargement of facet joints

A

spinal stenosis

71
Q

moisture through a sterile drape, cover, protective barrier, etc

A

strike through

72
Q

artificial joint implants

A

total joint arthroplasty

73
Q

putting limb, bone, muscles under tension w use of weights & pullets to align/immobilize part

A

traction

74
Q

Batteries for battery power portable

A

10-16 12 volt batteries connected

75
Q

Volts for battery powered portable

A

110-220 v

76
Q

How many hours to recharge a fully discharged battery portable?

A

8 hrs

77
Q

Portable w/out battery power volt/amp

A

110v/15 amp or 220v/10 amp

78
Q

Monitors on c arm show

A

1 active image display and 1 reference image

79
Q

Ability of a system to magnify image when requested by surgeons on c arm

A

Magnification mode

80
Q

Xray beam that pulsates at times increments

A

Pulse mode

81
Q

Image is recorded during continuous fluoroscopy

A

Subtraction

82
Q

Image held on screen along w continuous fluoro

A

Road mapping

83
Q

Allows physical to have hands free operation of c arm

A

Foot pedal

84
Q

This position of c arm had least exposure to operator

A

PA projection, tube under patient, intensifier on top

85
Q

Increases exposure to operator on face and neck

A

30 degree tilt from vertical

86
Q

Least exposure at intensifier side for c arm

A

Horizontal

87
Q

Not recommended projection of c arm

A

AP projection, tube on top, intensifier on bottom

88
Q

How far should you stand from c arm

A

6 feet

89
Q

What pics and how many should you at least take for trauma

A

2 projections at 90 degree to each other

90
Q

What does orif stand for

A

Open reduction with internal fixation

91
Q

Small cast increases what kv

A

Add 5-7

92
Q

Large casts adds what kv

A

Add 8-10

93
Q

Fiberglass cast adds what kv

A

Add 3-4

94
Q

Physician licensed and trained in he real surgery

A

Surgeon

95
Q

Administer anesthetic drugs to patient

A

Anesthesiologist

96
Q

Assists surgeon by clamping blood vessels, cutting, suturing, etc

A

Surgical assistant

97
Q

Prepares OR by supplying it w appropriate supplies and instruments

A

Certified surgical technologist

98
Q

Nonsterile person who assists OR by responding to scrubbed members in sterile field

A

Circulator

99
Q

Prepares sterile field scrubs, gowns surgical team, or apes and sterilizes instruments

A

Scrub

100
Q

This area includes the patient, surgical field, surgeon, assistants, equipment, tables, carts

A

Sterile area

101
Q

Area where rad tech, and other non personnel are located

A

Nonsterile area

102
Q

Practice and procedures used to minimize the levels of infectious agents present in the surgical environment

A

Surgical asepsis

103
Q

How do you maintain a sterile field

A

Cover c arm, drape patient, or use shower curtain

104
Q

What part of IR is sterile

A

Surface of cover that is put in plastic

105
Q

How is IR places in sterile cover

A

Sterile person holds cover open, tech slips in IR, surgical person wraps and secures it

106
Q

Surgical attire that is worn

A

Scrubs, scrub cover, head cover, shoe covers, shoes, mask, protective eyewear, gloves

107
Q

30 degree tilt increases dose by factor of ___

A

4

108
Q

Where is dosimetry badge located in surgery

A

Outside of lead vest

109
Q

Anatomy of biliary duct system, drainage into duodenum, any residual stones in biliary ducts.

A

Cholangiography

110
Q

Provides a less invasive approach for the removal of diseased gallbladder a

A

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

111
Q

Advantages of laparoscopy

A

Outpatient, minimally invasive procedure, short hospital stay

112
Q

Nonfunctional exam of urinary system during which contrast media is introduced backward against flow into pelvic system w catheterization

A

Retrograde urography

113
Q

Performed in surgery are intended to reestablish the length, shape, and alignment of fractured bones and joints or to restore function and range of motion of joints affected by trauma or disease.

A

Orthopedic procedures

114
Q

Fracture fragments are realigned by manipulation and are immobilized by a cast or splint.

A

Closed reduction

115
Q

Severe fractures w significant displacement. Surgical procedure required. The fracture site is exposed and a variety of screws, plates, or rods are inserted to maintain alignment of bony fragments until new bone growth can take place.

A

Open reduction

116
Q

Compression plates, screws, pins, rods, nails, or wires are applied to reduce or realign the fracture.

A

Internal fixation

117
Q

External fracture stabilizing device permits bone healing without the immediate requirement for internal fixation.

A

External fixation

118
Q

Rods and nails are inserted within the shaft of long bones to stabilize fractures

A

Intramedullary fixation

119
Q

Nails or rods are inserted into intramedullary shaft of the long bone and may be held in place w locking screws at the proximal and distal ends of the fixator

A

Long bone intramedullary nail or rod (internal fixator)

120
Q

Nail or rod inserted from proximal end of long bone

A

Antegrade procedure

121
Q

Internal fixator introduced from distal aspect of long bone

A

Retrograde procedures

122
Q

Surgical procedure performed to alleviate pain caused by neural impingement

A

Laminectomy

123
Q

Procedure that provides stability and pain relief to patients w vertebral compression fractures

A

Vertebroplasty

124
Q

Modification of vertebroplasty procedure in which a balloon is 1st inserted into collapsed vertebrae

A

Kyphoplasty

125
Q

Procedure w external fixator used to lengthen long bones as treatment for severe fracture or congenital deformity

A

Ilizarov technique

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