Ch 13 pathology

Question 1

Obstruction of the small intestine

Answer 1

Ileus

Question 2

Physical blockage of the bowel- may be due to a tumor, adhesions or hernias

Answer 2

Mechanical Ileus

Question 3

Due to cessation of peristalsis- without these wave like contractions, the bowel is unable to propel its contents forward. Causes may be due to infections, presence of certain drugs or a post surgical complication

Answer 3

Paralytic/Adynamic Ileus

Question 4

A twisting of a portion of the intestine on its own mesentery. Blood supply to the twisted portion is compromised leading to obstruction and necrosis. Most commonly found in the cecum and sigmoid colon.

Answer 4

Volvulus

Question 5

The telescoping of one part of the bowel into another. Often seen with infants

Answer 5

Intussesception

Question 6

Inflammatory condition of the large intestine. May be caused by many factors including bacterial infection, diet, stress and other environmental conditions

Answer 6

Colitis

Question 7

A severe form of colitis- a chronic condition often leading to coin like ulcers developing w/in the mucosal wall

Answer 7

Ulcerative colitis

Question 8

The diverticulae (outpouching of mucosal wall resulting from herniation of the inner wall of the colon) have become infected. May develop peritonitis if the diverticulum perforates through the mucosal wall

Answer 8

Diverticulitis

Question 9

“New growth”- a tumor that may be either benign or malignant

Answer 9

Neoplasm

Question 10

Black tarry stools

Answer 10

Melena

Question 11

The opening from the bowel to the outside of the body

Answer 11

Stoma

Question 12

Conditions where the patient’s GI tract is unable to process and absorb certain nutrients

Answer 12

Malabsoprtion Syndrome

Question 13

A stoma is surgically created to the abdominal wall to allow drainage of the bowel contents into a closed pouch hung outside the body

Answer 13

Colostomy

Question 14

The absence of neurons in the bowel wall prevents the normal relaxation of the colon and subsequent peristalsis which results in gross dilation to the point of narrowing and constriction

Answer 14

Congenital Megacolon (Hirshsprung’s)

Question 15

Inflammation of the small bowel

Answer 15

Enteritis

Question 16

Chronic inflammatory disease. Typically located in the lower ileum but may be anywhere in the bowel - “string sign”

Answer 16

Crohn’s Disease (regional enteritis)

Question 17

Inflammation of the stomach and small bowel

Answer 17

Gastroenteritis

Question 18

Inflammation of the vermiform process

Answer 18

Appendicitis

Question 19

One of the most typical forms of colon cancer, may form “Apple core” or “napkin ring” appearance as the tumor grows and infiltrates the bowel walls. It frequently results in large bowel obstruction.

Answer 19

Annular carcinoma (adenocarcinoma)

Question 20

Saclike projections that project inward.

Answer 20

Polyps

Question 21

Describes ascending colon and the cecum as having a long mesentary which makes them more susceptible to a volvulus.

Answer 21

Cecil volvulus