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A&P 2250 > Ch 14 Integration of Nervous System Functions > Flashcards

Ch 14 Integration of Nervous System Functions Flashcards

1
Q

conscious awareness of stimuli

A

sensation (perception)

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2
Q

what are the special senses?

A

smell, taste, sight, hearing, balance

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3
Q

two types of sensory receptors

A

classified by stimulus type and classified by location

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4
Q

which type of receptors are classified by stimulus type?

A

mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, nociceptors

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5
Q

sensory receptor that reacts to light; ex: retina

A

photoreceptors

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6
Q

sensory receptor that responds to temperature

A

thermoreceptors

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7
Q

sensory receptor that responds to some type of deformation; ex: corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors

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8
Q

sensory receptors that respond to chemicals; ex: nose and oral cavity

A

chemoreceptors

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9
Q

sensory receptors that respond to pain; ex: capsaicin receptors

A

nociceptors

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10
Q

which type of receptors are classified by location?

A

exteroreceptors (external), visceroreceptors (inside body), proprioceptors (joints)

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11
Q

mediated by free and encapsulated nerve endings (corpuscles)

A

cutaneous sensations

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12
Q

tonic?

A

slow-adapting

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13
Q

5 types of free nerve ending cutaneous receptors

A
  1. capsaicin receptors (hot)
  2. merkel cells (detect light pressure)
  3. thermoreceptors
  4. nociceptors
  5. hair follicle receptors
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14
Q

3 types of encapsulated nerve endings

A
  1. meisner’s corpuscles
  2. pacinian corpuscles
  3. ruffini endings (detect continuous touch or pressure and depression of stretch of skin)
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15
Q

phasic?

A

adapt quickly
ex: when wanda sits with her feet under herself. As long as the stimulant remains constant, the receptors will adapt, until she moves!

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16
Q

two places proprioception receptors are located?

A

muscle spindle (stretch and contract) and golgi tendon (stretch)

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17
Q

carrying sensory info from body to brain

A

ascending spinal tracts

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18
Q

following one particular pathway

A

modality; Law of Specific Nerve Energies

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19
Q

all sensory info except what goes to the thalamus

A

smell

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20
Q

ascending spinal tracts contain how many neurons?

A

primary: brings to CNS
secondary: takes up tract
tertiary: appropriate part of the brain

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21
Q

right side of the brain controls left side of the body and vice versa is known as

A

decussate

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22
Q

the post central gyrus is also called

A

primary somatosensory cortex

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23
Q

which lobe of the brain helps to understand

A

parietal

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24
Q

which section of the brain allows us to put together coherent sentences?

A

wernicke’s area

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25
Q

tells you that you see SOMETHING

A

primary cortex

26
Q

interprets what you ACTUALLY see

A

association area

27
Q

initiation of voluntary movement is controlled by

A

premotor areas

28
Q

which lobes of the brain PLAN for particular movement?

A

frontal and cerebellum

29
Q

controls motivation, planning, initiation, and judgement

A

prefrontal area

30
Q

organizes movement before initiation

A

premotor area

31
Q

motor speech area

A

broca’s area

32
Q

the precentral gyrus is also called

A

primary somatomotor cortex

33
Q

descending motor tracts involve 2 types of movement

A
  1. reflexes

2. voluntary

34
Q

2 major groups of descending motor tracts

A
  1. pyramidal: no synapse (fine movement)

2. extrapyramidal: multiple synapses (influence movement indirectly)

35
Q

where are upper neurons located?

A

CNS

36
Q

where are lower neurons located?

A

exiting CNS

37
Q

receives sensory info from and control movement of opposite side

A

corpus callosum

38
Q

language, math, and analytical side of brain

A

left

39
Q

artistic and visuospatial tasks side of the brain

A

right

40
Q

split brain procedure?

A

cut corpus callosum in half so epilepsy won’t cross over to the other side of the brain and take over the whole brain

41
Q

inability to speak clearly

A

aphasia

42
Q

how is language processed?

A

hearing and vision go into wernicke’s area (interpreted) , travels to broca’s area (motor speech area) , travels to Precentral gyrus (motor cortex)

43
Q

much of this long term memory is lost through time

A

declarative

44
Q

a small amount of this long term memory is lost through time

A

procedural

45
Q

impaired declarative memory

A

amnesia

46
Q

simple skills and conditioned reflexes are stored as what type of memory

A

procedural

47
Q

fact retention is stored as what type of memory

A

declarative

48
Q

most of this memory is lost immediately

A

working memory–remembering a telephone number

49
Q

most of this memory is lost within a short time

A

short-term memory

50
Q

working memory turns into short term memory through?

A

long-term potentiation

51
Q

short term memory turns into long term memory through?

A

consolidation

52
Q

when does most consolidation occur?

A

Non-REM sleep (not dreaming)

53
Q

specific activity pattern

A

memory engram

54
Q

regulated by suprachiasmaticnucleus (SCN)

A

Circadian rhythm : SCN is located in thalamus

55
Q

what does circadian rhythm do?

A

master clock, controls melatonin secretion, role in puberty____ pineal gland secretes melatonin, which is extremely high in children. Melatonin inhibits GTP until the pineal gland begins to shrink with age and child begins puberty

56
Q

dreaming occurs in what type of sleep?

A

REM sleep

57
Q

what type of waves occur during deep sleep?

A

delta

58
Q

what type of waves occur when awake?

A

alpha and beta

59
Q

primary controllers of sleep?

A

SCN & reticular activating system

60
Q

responds to all the things that wake us up. Ex: smell of coffee, alarm clock, bright lights

A

reticular activating system

A&P 2250 (6 decks)

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