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A&P 2250 > Ch 13 Brain & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Ch 13 Brain & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

control center for body fxns

A

brain

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2
Q

part of PNS; arise directly from brain

A

cranial nerves

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3
Q

major regions of the brain

A

brainstem, cerebellum, cerebrum, diencephalon

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4
Q

parts of the brainstem?

A

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

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5
Q

parts of the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus–pituitary gland, epithalamus–pineal gland

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6
Q

parts of the cerebrum?

A

hemispheres, basal ganglia, limbic system

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7
Q

vital nuclei of the medulla oblongata?

A

cardiac center, respiratory center

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8
Q

fxns of pyramids in medulla oblongata?

A

motor tracts for skeletal mm

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9
Q

fxns of olives in medulla oblongata?

A

balance & coordination, sound modulation

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10
Q

keeps brain alert and awake; loosely organized web of gray matter

A

reticular formation

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11
Q

relay center between cerebrum and cerebellum

A

pons

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12
Q

connection points

A

peduncles

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13
Q

the pons is the ______ center

A

sleep

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14
Q

aka mesencephalon

A

midbrain

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15
Q

tectum

A

roof

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16
Q

corpora quadrigemina consists of

A

superior colliculi (visual) and inferior colliculi (hearing)

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17
Q

descending nerve tracts

A

cerebral peduncles

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18
Q

ascending nerve tracts are located

A

tegmentum

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19
Q

unconscious regulation & coordination of motor activities

A

red nucleus

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20
Q

inhibitory motor center; degenerates in Parkinson disease; produce lots of dopamine

A

substantia nigra

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21
Q

fxns: somatic motor control, cardiovascular control, pain modulation, sleep & consciousness, habituation

A

reticular formation

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22
Q

when reticular formation doesn’t work and you fall asleep randomly

A

narcolepsy

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23
Q

BIG JOB of cerebellum

A

coordination of skeletal muscle contraction

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24
Q

folds of cerebellum

A

folia

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25
Q

tree of life (white matter)

A

arbor vitae

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26
Q

gross motor coordination bc it doesn’t take a lot of neurons to contract big muscle mvmts

A

vermis

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27
Q

fine motor contractions bc it takes lots of neurons to work all little muscles

A

two hemispheres

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28
Q

balance and eye mvmt

A

flocculomotor lobe

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29
Q

sits on top of brainstem

A

diencephalon

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30
Q

collection of nuclei that acts as a relay center of all sensory info besides smell

A

thalamus

31
Q

thalamus is joined by

A

intermediate mass

32
Q

3rd ventricle surrounds the

A

intermediate mass

33
Q

involved in controlling motor function; right below thalamus

A

subthalamus

34
Q

thin roof over third ventricle

A

epithalamus

35
Q

pineal gland secretes and works closely with

A

melatonin and the reticular formation

36
Q

fxn use as a landmark in CT scans

A

brain sand

37
Q

relay from limbic system to midbrain

A

habenular nucleus

38
Q

melatonin inhibits what hormones

A

GRH ; so no LH or FSH ; why kids don’t produce ovaries or testes

39
Q

homeostatic control center that is also a collection of nuclei

A

hypothalamus

40
Q

olfaction reflexes and emotional response to smell

A

mamillary bodies

41
Q

pituitary is divided into

A

anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis) lobes

42
Q

pituitary is connected to the thalamus via

A

infundibulum

43
Q

anterior pituitary produces how many hormones

A

PRODUCES 6

44
Q

posterior pituitary stores and releases how many hormones

A

STORES AND RELEASES 2 hypothalamic hormones

45
Q

higher order thinking and personality

A

cerebrum

46
Q

convolution

A

gyri

47
Q

“sunk in” or depression

A

sulci

48
Q

cognition, speech, motivation, mood, smell, voluntary motor control all comes from

A

frontal lobe

49
Q

receives and interprets sensory input(except smell hearing and vision)

A

parietal

50
Q

receives and interprets visual info

A

occipital

51
Q

olfactory and auditory input, memory and learning, intuition, abstract thought

A

temporal

52
Q

integration of taste hearing and visceral sensation

A

insula

53
Q

outer gray matter of cerebrum; 40% mass of brain

A

cerebral cortex

54
Q

receive sensory input and direct AP to pyramidal cells

A

stellate cells

55
Q

output neurons

A

pyramidal cells

56
Q

inner white matter of brain

A

cerebral medulla

57
Q

three types of tracts

A

association: connect areas in same hemisphere
commissural: connects hemispheres aka corpus callosum
projection: connect cerebrum with other brain regions

58
Q

distinct masses of soma in cerebrum, diencephalon, and midbrain

A

basal nuclei (basal ganglia)

59
Q

influences emotions, motivation, mood, pain and pleasure

A

limbic system

60
Q

mining’s of brain

A

dura mater: subdural space: serous fluid
arachnoid mater: subarachnoid space: CSF
pia mater

61
Q

cavities lined by ependymal cells

A

ventricles

62
Q

lateral ventricles are separated by the

A

septum pellucidum

63
Q

3rd ventricle is associated with

A

diencephalon

64
Q

4th ventricle is associated with

A

pons and medulla

65
Q

purposes of CSF

A

buoyancy, protection, chemical stability

66
Q

old oliver ogg traveled to africa for very good vacations and holidays

A

olfactory, optic, occulomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducen, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

67
Q

olfactory

A

sensory; smell

68
Q

optic

A

sensory; sight

69
Q

oculomotor

A

motor; skeletal–4 extrinsic eye muscles and eyelid

smooth–iris and ciliary muscles

70
Q

trochlear

A

motor; superior oblique

71
Q

trigeminal

A

both; ophthalmic (upper face), maxillary (lower face), mandibular (lower face)

72
Q

abducen

A

motor; lateral rectus

73
Q

facial

A

both; sensory–taste; motor–facial muscles

A&P 2250 (6 decks)

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