ch. 14, 15,16 Flashcards

1
Q

Major life decisions are made without much life experience upon which to base them

A

transition to adulthood

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2
Q

Peak physical status and optimal health

A

Ages 19- 26

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3
Q

Risky sexual behavior, alcohol and drug abuse; would probably never have health problems, regardless of health-compromising behaviors; “will not happen to me”; push bodies too far can bounce back from stress & exertion

A

transition years

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4
Q

Highest percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries and traumatic brain injuries

A

late adolescence & young adulthood

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5
Q

15- 24 being highest risk
higher males than females
motor vehicle accidents, falls, violence

A

spinal cord injuries and traumatic brain injuries

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6
Q

hypothesis that a childhood history of physical abuse predisposes a person to violence in later years. victims higher chance of becoming violent

A

theory of the cycle of violence

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7
Q

Childhood experiences such as sexual abuse, serious illness of a close person, or major loss events can adversely impact

A

development of mature coping skills and emotional strength

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8
Q

____look for absolute truth, while ___ consider problem in the context by which it is presented

A

Adolescents / adults

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9
Q

career selection, mate selection, and assumption of community responsibilities

A

Transition years. 16-24

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10
Q

peak cognitive development and intellectual efficiency

A

young adulthood (20-40)

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11
Q

normal age related changes in physical functioning begin

A

middle adulthood (40-65)

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12
Q

Average life expectancy in US

A

74.1 males, 79.5 females

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13
Q

Female bone loss accelerates after _____ due to decreasing ____

A

menopause. estrogen

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14
Q

osteoprosis

A

bone loss that exceeds normal aging

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15
Q

cartilage w/ aging

A

lubrication & nutrition is disrupted. dehydration, poor nutrition, increased degradation of weight bearing surfaces. cartilage becomes brittle -opaque yellow,

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16
Q

cartilage w/ aging

A

thinning occurs- cracks, frays, shred by 30, crystal formation & calcification occur

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17
Q

crystal formation & calcification

A

increase f riction w/ joint movement & contributes to ostearthritis

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18
Q

Muscle Atrophy: app. __% of muscle strength will be lost b/w ages 50-70

A

30%

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19
Q

Age related decline in muscle mass and thereby muscle strength

A

Sarcopenia

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20
Q

Middle aged and older men and women can benefit from…

A

resistance training/strength training

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21
Q

Middle adulthood Sedentary Lifestyle:

A

time demands of work and family contribute to lack of exercise= weight gain
-taking care of self less priority

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22
Q

Changes being at age __ with a decrease in ___ vision happening in everyone.

A

age 40. near vision

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23
Q

Two changes in the eye take place
External:
Internal:

A

External: increased wrinkling, decrease tear secretion
Internal: corneal changes

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24
Q

Condition where the lens of the eye become opaque

A

cataracts

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25
Q

Vision Decreases:

A
  • lens transparency
  • amount of light contacting the eye
  • number of macular neurons
  • increase sensitivity to light and glare (accommodation)
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26
Q

functional hearing loss in 25% of adults at the end of middle adulthood

A

age 65

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27
Q

fluid intelligence peaks at age _ then progressively declines

A

20, process new information

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28
Q

_____ Intelligence improves throughout middle adulthood and older adulthood

A

Crystallized intellegence, knowledge gained over time & experience

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29
Q

Incorporates skills that are practiced and automatic

-ability to type, play instrument,

A

implicit memory

30
Q

knowledge about the world and facts and figures that can be detailed verbally
ex. memorizing muscle attachments

A

explicit memory

31
Q

where past events are associated with present events

A

Working memory

forgotten more quickly- declines with age

32
Q

Biggest health concerns in middle age (40-65)

A

cardiovascular disease & cancer

33
Q

Leading cause of death for men and women in middle and young adulthood

A

cardiovascular disease

hypertension increases risk of cardiovascular disease

34
Q

According to the american cancer society

_ out of 10 americans develop cancer at some point of their lives

A

4

35
Q
  • anxious
  • supresses emotions
  • fatigued
  • distressed personality
  • high risk of CHD
  • negative attitude
  • distressed personality
  • highest risk type
A

Type D

heart attack

36
Q
  • poorly defined goals
  • likes to compete constantly
  • desire for recognition
  • mental and physical alertness
  • in control
  • cynical
  • “monica from friends”
A

Type A Heart disease/ heart attack

37
Q

Prevalence greater for prostate cancer but

A

morbidity greater in breast cancer

more cases of prostate, but more people dying of breast cancer

38
Q

Type C

Belief that unexpressive negative emotion weaken the immune system

A

Personality type is more likely to develop cancer

39
Q
  • optimistic
  • healthy
  • capable of meeting own needs and others
  • self supportive
  • enthusiastic
  • active
A

type B healthy

40
Q

parents of their own children and adult child of a parent (caring for parents and children at same time)

A

Sand which generation

41
Q

Stevens and Commons
Low point in martial satisfaction
high alcoholism
heightened awareness of aging

A

midlife crisis

42
Q

truely experiencing midlife crisis

A

-reality of aging - passing of time

43
Q

Transition from hypothetical to pragmatic (realistic, practical) thought

A

young adulthood

44
Q

Prefrontal cortex matures at what age

A

24

45
Q

Ginzberg’s

Fantasy period

A

early and middle childhood

“want to be ballerina, doctor like mommy”

46
Q

Experimentation period

A

young adult, career category

get a job in general field ex. health care field

47
Q

Ginzberg

Tentative period

A

adolescence, consider skills, expense

Don’t like science then shouldnt be a doctor

48
Q

Emphasizes the notion of “fit” between personality and career selection
Useful for career and guidance counselors

A

Holland’s

49
Q

Manner in which partner is chosen and roles of participating individuals is influenced by

A

culture and social class

50
Q

Lower s-e class marry

A

younger than middle class

51
Q

Characteristics of unsuccessful marriage

A
Feelings of powerlessness
Passive-aggression
Neuroticism
Suspicion 
Chemical abuse 
Depression
Borderline pathologies
Hostility, defensiveness, and aggression
52
Q

Predictors of relationship low satisfaction

A

HIGH alcohol consumption

sexual abuse in childhood

53
Q

born between 1946 and 1964

A

30% of population

54
Q

Study ran in 1997 using twins
it demonstrated that twins reared apart share less than 35% inheritability of lifespan
Environment and lifestyle accounted for the 65% observed variance

A

Tanzi

55
Q

Rowe & Kahn 3 components of successful aging

A
  • Low probability of disease and disease-related disability
  • High cognitive and physical functional capacity
  • Active engagement with life
56
Q

Exercise and activity delays and diminishes almost all age related changes to

A

cardiovascular & pulmonary disease

57
Q
  • delays changes to musculoskeletal system
  • keeping or increasing flexibility and mobility
  • decreasing the amount of bone mineral loss
  • supports healthy cartilage by increasing nutritional fluid exchange
  • decreasing risk of vertebral compression fractures through practicing spinal extension
A

exercise

58
Q
  • bone mineral content
  • cartilage water content
  • flexibility(20-30% loss AROM)
  • stability and mobility
A

decrease with aging

59
Q

fight mineral loss

A

resistive exercise

60
Q

decrease risk of vertebral compression fractures

A

weight training

61
Q

The two most prevalent cardiovascular diseases associated with age

A

hypertension & coronary artery disease

62
Q
  • Increase in vascular stiffness
  • Increase in arterial wall thickness
  • Less blood able to exit the heart
  • Increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure
A

high blood pressure

63
Q

Atrophy (waste or loss of) and degeneration of articular cartilage.

A

osteoarthritis & joint

64
Q

Promotion of good posture alignment

A

Back extension exercises

65
Q

most noticeable physical change of aging

A

Muscle Atrophy:Loss of lean muscle mass (& inc in body fat and connective tissue)

66
Q

safety adaptations

A

Gait
Stride becomes wider to improve stability
Step length becomes smaller

67
Q

Aging brain remains plastic

A

individuals can continue to gain & retain complex skills

68
Q

Compromised myelinated structures (white matter) account for

A

-slowing of psychomotor speed, increased processing time required for complex information , and transmission of motor responses

69
Q

Most common visual problem in older adults

A

Presbyopia

70
Q

vision problems

A

presbyopia, glaucoma, cataracts, macular degenarative

71
Q

Most widespread cause of activity limitation

amongst the elderly

A

depression