Ch 14

Question 1

Habitat

Answer 1

All biotic & abiotic factors in an area where an organism lives; where a species lives

Question 2

Ecological niche

Answer 2

All the physical, chemical & biological factors a species needs to survive, stay healthy, & reproduce; how a species lives(includes food, abiotic factors, & behavior)

Question 3

Competitive exclusion

Answer 3

States when 2 species are competing for the same resources, 1 species will be better suited for the niche and the other will be push into another niche or become extinct

Question 4

Niche partitioning

Answer 4

A niche is divided, so that both species can share the resources

Question 5

Evolutionary response

Answer 5

2 species could experience divergent evolution; 1 species becomes slightly different from the other

Question 6

Ecological equivalent

Answer 6

Species that occupy similar niche, but live in different geographical regions

Question 7

Competition

Answer 7

2 organisms fighting for the same limited resource

Question 8

Interspecific competition

Answer 8

2 different species competing

Question 9

Intraspecific competition

Answer 9

Same species competing

Question 10

Predation

Answer 10

Proceed when 1 organism captures and feeds upon another organism

Question 11

Symbiosis relationship

Answer 11

Close relationship between species

Question 12

Mutualism

Answer 12

Interspecies interaction where both organisms benefit

Question 13

Commensalism

Answer 13

Relation between 2 organisms where 1 benefits and the other neither benefits or is harmed

Question 14

Parasitism

Answer 14

Relationship where 1 organism benefits while the other is harmed

Question 15

Host

Answer 15

Victim of a parasite

Question 16

Ectoparasite

Answer 16

Lives outside host, usually feeds on its fluids

Question 17

Endoparasite

Answer 17

Lives inside host, feeding on nutrients ingested by host

Question 18

Population density

Answer 18

Number of individuals that live in a given area

Question 19

Population dispersion

Answer 19

Way individuals of a population are spread in an area; # of individuals/area(units squared)

Question 20

Clumped dispersion

Answer 20

Individuals live close together in groups for mating, protection, or food resources(lower trophic levels)

Question 21

Uniform dispersion

Answer 21

Individuals living at specific distances from one another

Question 22

Random dispersion

Answer 22

Individuals spread randomly within an area(higher trophic levels)

Question 23

Survivorship curve type 1

Answer 23

Low infant mortality, population will survive to old age(large mammals/humans + higher on food chain)

Question 24

Survivorship curve type 2

Answer 24

Equal chances of living and dying(birds/reptiles)

Question 25

Survivorship curve type 3

Answer 25

High birth rates & infant mortality, don’t survive to old age(invertebrates/plants; lower on trophic levels)

Question 26

Changes in population size are determined by

Answer 26

Immigration, emigration, births, & deaths

Question 27

Immigration

Answer 27

Movement of individuals into a population from another population

Question 28

Births

Answer 28

Increase the number of individuals in a population

Question 29

Deaths

Answer 29

Decrease the number of individuals in a population

Question 30

Emigration

Answer 30

Movement of individuals out of a population into another population

Question 31

Exponential growth

Answer 31

Population size increases dramatically over a time period

Question 32

Logistic growth

Answer 32

Begins with period of l slow growth followed by a brief period of exponential growth before leveling off at a stable size

Question 33

Carrying capacity

Answer 33

Maximum number of individuals of a species that the environment can normally/consistently support

Question 34

Population crash

Answer 34

Dramatic decline in population size over a short period of time

Question 35

Limiting factor

Answer 35

Factor with the greatest effect in keeping down the size of a population

Question 36

Density dependent limiting factor

Answer 36

Limiting factors that are affected by the number of individuals in a given area(competition, predation, parasitism and disease)

Question 37

Density independent limiting factor

Answer 37

Limiting factor that limit population size regardless of the density of population(unusual weather, natural disasters, human activities)

Question 38

Primary succession

Answer 38

Establishment and development of an ecosystem in an area previously uninhabited(takes time; makes soil)

Question 39

Secondary succession

Answer 39

Reestablishment of damaged ecosystem in area where soil was left intact(fast; already has soil)