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Biology 9 > Ch 14 > Flashcards

Ch 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Habitat

A

All biotic & abiotic factors in an area where an organism lives; where a species lives

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2
Q

Ecological niche

A

All the physical, chemical & biological factors a species needs to survive, stay healthy, & reproduce; how a species lives(includes food, abiotic factors, & behavior)

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3
Q

Competitive exclusion

A

States when 2 species are competing for the same resources, 1 species will be better suited for the niche and the other will be push into another niche or become extinct

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4
Q

Niche partitioning

A

A niche is divided, so that both species can share the resources

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5
Q

Evolutionary response

A

2 species could experience divergent evolution; 1 species becomes slightly different from the other

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6
Q

Ecological equivalent

A

Species that occupy similar niche, but live in different geographical regions

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7
Q

Competition

A

2 organisms fighting for the same limited resource

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8
Q

Interspecific competition

A

2 different species competing

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9
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Same species competing

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10
Q

Predation

A

Proceed when 1 organism captures and feeds upon another organism

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11
Q

Symbiosis relationship

A

Close relationship between species

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12
Q

Mutualism

A

Interspecies interaction where both organisms benefit

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13
Q

Commensalism

A

Relation between 2 organisms where 1 benefits and the other neither benefits or is harmed

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14
Q

Parasitism

A

Relationship where 1 organism benefits while the other is harmed

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15
Q

Host

A

Victim of a parasite

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16
Q

Ectoparasite

A

Lives outside host, usually feeds on its fluids

17
Q

Endoparasite

A

Lives inside host, feeding on nutrients ingested by host

18
Q

Population density

A

Number of individuals that live in a given area

19
Q

Population dispersion

A

Way individuals of a population are spread in an area; # of individuals/area(units squared)

20
Q

Clumped dispersion

A

Individuals live close together in groups for mating, protection, or food resources(lower trophic levels)

21
Q

Uniform dispersion

A

Individuals living at specific distances from one another

22
Q

Random dispersion

A

Individuals spread randomly within an area(higher trophic levels)

23
Q

Survivorship curve type 1

A

Low infant mortality, population will survive to old age(large mammals/humans + higher on food chain)

24
Q

Survivorship curve type 2

A

Equal chances of living and dying(birds/reptiles)

25
Q

Survivorship curve type 3

A

High birth rates & infant mortality, don’t survive to old age(invertebrates/plants; lower on trophic levels)

26
Q

Changes in population size are determined by

A

Immigration, emigration, births, & deaths

27
Q

Immigration

A

Movement of individuals into a population from another population

28
Q

Births

A

Increase the number of individuals in a population

29
Q

Deaths

A

Decrease the number of individuals in a population

30
Q

Emigration

A

Movement of individuals out of a population into another population

31
Q

Exponential growth

A

Population size increases dramatically over a time period

32
Q

Logistic growth

A

Begins with period of l slow growth followed by a brief period of exponential growth before leveling off at a stable size

33
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Maximum number of individuals of a species that the environment can normally/consistently support

34
Q

Population crash

A

Dramatic decline in population size over a short period of time

35
Q

Limiting factor

A

Factor with the greatest effect in keeping down the size of a population

36
Q

Density dependent limiting factor

A

Limiting factors that are affected by the number of individuals in a given area(competition, predation, parasitism and disease)

37
Q

Density independent limiting factor

A

Limiting factor that limit population size regardless of the density of population(unusual weather, natural disasters, human activities)

38
Q

Primary succession

A

Establishment and development of an ecosystem in an area previously uninhabited(takes time; makes soil)

39
Q

Secondary succession

A

Reestablishment of damaged ecosystem in area where soil was left intact(fast; already has soil)

Biology 9 (4 decks)

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