(Ch. 13) Solutions

Question 1

What is a Solution?

Answer 1

A solution is a homogenous (uniform) mixture of two or more substances.

Question 2

Define a Solvent.
Define a Solute.

Answer 2

1. The substance present in greater quantity within a solution.
2. The substance which is present in a lesser amount within a solution.

Question 3

What are the three types of solutions?

Answer 3

1. Gaseous solutions
2. Liquid Solutions
3. Solid Solutions

Question 4

What is the general rule when determining if a solute will dissolve into a solvent?

Answer 4

“Like dissolves like.”
-Polar solvents dissolve polar/ionic solutes
-Non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes

Question 5

Define Solubility.

Answer 5

The maximum amount of a compound that will dissolve in a specified amount of solvent at a specified temperature.

Question 6

What are the typical units of Solubility?

Answer 6

Grams of solute per 100g of solvent

Question 7

What are the three solution types based on the solute and solvent ratio?

Answer 7

1. Unsaturated Solution
2. Saturated Solution
3. Supersaturated Solution

Question 8

What is a Saturated Solution? Give an example.

Answer 8

A solution that holds the maximum amount of solute under the solvent conditions.
(ex. 36g NaCl/100g H2O)

Question 9

What is an Unsaturated Solution? Give an example.

Answer 9

A solution that holds less solute than a saturated solution.
(ex. 16g NaCl/100 g H2O)

Question 10

What is a Supersaturated Solution? Give an example.

Answer 10

A solution that holds more solute than a saturated solution.
(ex. 38g NaCl/100g H2O)

Question 11

What are the two types of solutions? (In regards to the concentration of solute)

Answer 11

1. Dilute Solution
2. Concentrated Solution

Question 12

What is a Dilute Solution?
What is a Concentrated Solution?

Answer 12

1. A dilute solution contains a small amount of the solute relative to the solvent.
2. A concentrated solution contains a large amount of the solute relative to the solvent.

Question 13

What are the three ways we have learned to express concentration?

Answer 13

1. Mass Percent
2. Molarity
3. Molality

Question 14

What is the Molar Volume? When do we use Molar Volume?

Answer 14

1. The volume of a mole of substance at a specified temp and pressure.
2. We use the standard molar volume to determine L->mol conversion or vice versa.

Question 15

What is the Standard Temperature & Pressure (STP)?

Answer 15

1. The molar volume of an ideal gas.
2. 22.4L/mol