(Ch. 10) Chemical Bonding

Question 1

What is a Chemical Bond?

Answer 1

A strong attractive force between atoms in a compound.

Question 2

What are the two types of chemical bonds?

Answer 2

1. Ionic Bonds
2. Covalent Bonds

Question 3

What is an Ionic Bond? Give an example.

Answer 3

A bond formed by electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.
(ex. NaCl)

Question 4

What is a Covalent Bond? Give an example.

Answer 4

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between covalent/molecular compounds.
(ex. Hydrogen Bonds)

Question 5

What is Electronegativity?

Answer 5

The ability of an atom in a molecule (covalent bond) to pull electrons towards itself.

Question 6

What is the range of Electronegativity?

Answer 6

(.70- 4) ♥️

Question 7

What is a Lewis Symbol?

Answer 7

The chemical symbol of an element with a dot for each VALENCE electron. (element name surrounded by dots)

Question 8

What is a Lewis Structure?

Answer 8

A drawing that shows…
1. how valence electrons within a compound are distributed
AND
2. how atoms are connected to one another

Question 9

How do you draw a Lewis Structure of a Ionic Compound?

Answer 9

1. Draw the Lewis Symbol of both the metal and non-metal.
2. Determine the charge that will be formed.
3. Place the anion and it’s dots in brackets with charge as a subscript (but in the upper right hand corner of the bracket)
4. Place the cation with it’s charge.

Question 10

What is the Octet Rule?

Answer 10

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons.

Question 11

What is the first step of drawing a Lewis Structure of a Covalent Compound?

Answer 11

First, you add the total valence electrons.
- If you have a cation (+) remove an electron for each positive charge.
- If you have an anion (-) add an electron for each negative charge. (double check ♥️)

Question 12

Ok, we have added up the valence electrons…
What is the next step in drawing a Lewis Structure for a Covalent Compound?

Answer 12

Next, you determine which atom is the central atom (which is the least electronegative) and attach the other atoms to it.
- Hydrogen will NEVER be a central electron.

Question 13

Ok, we know we added up the valence electrons, determined the central atoms….
What is the next step in drawing a Lewis Structure for a Covalent Compound?

Answer 13

• Now, we complete the octets to the non-central atoms first than the central atom.
• Any remaining electrons should be placed on the central atom. ♥️

Question 14

How do we write out the Lewis Structure of a Covalent Compound that contains a Polyatomic Ion?

Answer 14

We place the overall structure in brackets and include the charge in the upper right hand corner.

Question 15

What are the three exceptions to the Octet Rule?

Answer 15

1. (B) Boron, which is happy with 6 valence electrons.
2. (Be) Beryllium, which is happy with 4 valence electrons.
3. (H) Hydrogen, which is happy with 2 valence electrons.

Question 16

What is a Resonance Structure?

Answer 16

These are Lewis Structures that have the same atoms bonded to each other, but the placement of electrons are different.

Question 17

What is a Resonance Hybrid?

Answer 17

An average of the possible Resonance Structures. ❤

Question 18

What are the five Molecular Shapes?

Answer 18

1. Linear
2. Trigonal Planar
3. Tetrahedral
4. Trigonal Pyramidal
5. Bent

Question 19

Describe the Molecular Shape: Linear

Answer 19

A straight light with 2 bonding groups. (180 degrees between atoms)

Question 20

Describe the Molecular Shape: Trigonal Planar

Answer 20

A flat triangle with 3 bonding groups.
(120 degree difference between atoms)

Question 21

Describe the Molecular Shape: Tetrahedral

Answer 21

A cross/pyramid with 4 bonding groups.
(109.5 degree difference between electrons)

Question 22

Describe the Molecular Shape: Trigonal Pyramidal

Answer 22

A simple pyramid with 3 bonding groups and 1 lone pair.
(less than 109.5 degree difference between electrons)

Question 23

Describe the Molecular Shape: Bent

Answer 23

A bent line with two lone pairs and two bonding groups.
(less than 109.5 degree difference between electrons_

Question 24

What is the Valence Shell Electron Pair Electron Theory?

Answer 24

This theory states that the best arrangement of a given number of electron groups is the one that minimizes repulsion between them.

Question 25

Define Molecular Geometry.

Answer 25

Molecular Geometry refers to the shape of the molecule. The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Question 26

Define Electron Geometry.

Answer 26

Electron Geometry refers to the arrangement of electron groups that surround a central atom of a molecule.

Question 27

What are the two types of Electron Groups?

Answer 27

1. Bonded Groups
2. Lone Pair Groups