Ch 13 - Social Behaviour Flashcards
Define Social Psychology
Concerned w/ how an individuals thoughts, feelings & behaviours are influenced by others
Describe what characteristics physically attractive people are more likely to be associated w/. (Person Perception)
- Sociable, friendly, well-adjusted
- Agreeable, extraverted,conscientious, open to experience, + emotionally stable
- Competent
What traits can people accurately draw inferences about based on perception of physical appearance?
- sexual orientation
- Racial prejudice
- Social status
- Intelligence
What are the two cognitive schemas in person perception?
Social schema and self-schema
Define Social Schema?
Organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events + people (Ex. dates, family reunions, CEOs)
Define Self Schema?
Integrated set of memories, beliefs, generalizations about one’s own behaviour
Define Stereotype?
Widely held beliefs, often automatic, that people have certain characteristics b/c of their membership in a particular group (Ex, Gender, age, ethnicity, occupational)
Problem w/ stereotypes?
Broad overgeneralization that ignore diversity within social groups.
Define Confirmation Bias
We see what we expect to see
Define Illusionary Correlation
Perceiving a relationship b/w variables even when no relationship exists.
Describe the Evolutionary Perspective of Person Perception
People are programmed to immediately identify people as members of an in-group or outgroup
Define Internal Attributions
Ascribe causes of behaviour to personal dispositions, traits, feelings, abilities
Define External Attributions
Ascribe cause of behaviour to situational demands + environmental constraints
List the four categories and their relationship to Stability and the Internal-External Dimension in Attribution Processes
1) Effort, Mood, Fatigue [Unstable Cause (temporary), Internal Cause]
2) Ability, Intelligence [Stable Cause (permanent), Internal Cause]
3) Luck, Chance, Opportunity [Unstable Cause, External Cause]
4) Task Difficulty [Stable Cause, External Cause]
Define the Fundamental Attribution Error (Attribution Processes)
Favour internal attributions in explaining others’ behaviours
Define Actor-Observer Bias (Attribution Processes)
Actors favour external attributions for their behaviour.
Observers explain same behaviour w/ internal attributions.
Define Self-Serving Bias (Attribution Processes)
Tendency to attribute one’s own successes to personal factors + ones failures to situational factors.
Define Defensive Attribution (Attribution Processes)
Tendency to blame victims for their misfortunes so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way.
Describe the Difference b/w Individualism and Collectivism (Culture + Attribution Processes)
Individualism; Defining ones personality in terms of personal attributes. (Self-serving bias is more prevalent)
Collectivism; Defining one’s identity in terms of the group one belongs to. (Less susceptible to fundamental attribution error)
List 3 key factors in attraction
-Physical attractiveness (Matching hypothesis; males + females of approximately equal attractiveness select each other as partners)
-Similarity effects
Reciprocity effects (We like those who show that they like us)
Describe Hatfield + Berscheid’s Perspective on Love
Passionate Love vs Companionate Love
Passionate; Complete absorption in another including tender sexual feelings + intense emotions
Companionate; Warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life is deeply intertwined w/ one’s own
Describe Sternberg’s Perspective on Love
Intimacy vs Commitment
Intimacy; Warmth, closeness, + sharing in a relationship
Commitment; Intent to maintain relation in spite of difficulties
Describe how Attachment Styles in Adults affect Close Relationships (Hazan + Shaver)
Secure Adults; Easy to get close to others. Trusting relationships.
Anxious-Ambivalent Adults; Expectations of rejection. Volatile, jealous relationships.
Avoidant Adults; Difficult to get close to others. Relationships lack intimacy + trust.
Describe the Ideas about Close Relationships + Culture
- Some similarities b/w what people seek for in mates (Ex. Intelligence, mutual attraction, kindness)
- Some differences about thoughts on passionate love (Collectivist cultures consider what others will think, individualistic cultures focus more on how it makes them feel)
