CH 13: Molecular Basis of Inheritance Flashcards
The experiments of Meselson and Stahl showed that DNA __________.
replicates in a semiconservative fashion
The rate of elongation of a DNA strand in prokaryotes is __________ the rate in eukaryotes.
much faster than
The two strands of a DNA double helix are antiparallel. This means that __________.
one strand runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction and the other runs in the 3’ to 5’ direction
What technique was most helpful to Watson and Crick in developing their model for the structure of DNA?
X-ray crystallography
One strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule has the base sequence 5’-ATAGGT-3’. The complementary base sequence on the other strand of DNA will be 3’-__________-5’.
TATCCA
What enzyme joins Okazaki fragments?
DNA ligase
Which of the following components is required for DNA replication?
RNA primers
Who is credited with discovering the structure of the DNA double helix?
Watson and Crick
DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the __________ of the leading strands and to the __________ of the lagging strands (Okazaki fragments).
3’ end; 3’ end
Avery and his colleagues’ 1944 experiment showed that DNA __________.
was the substance that transformed the bacteria in Griffith’s experiment
Which of the following lists is in order from the entity with the smallest genome to the entity with the largest genome?
Virus, bacteria, eukaryote
The unwinding of DNA at the replication fork causes twisting and strain in the DNA ahead of the fork, which is relieved by an enzyme called __________.
topoisomerase
Why were many of the early experiments on DNA carried out on viruses and bacteria?
All of the listed responses are correct.
The role of DNA polymerases in DNA replication is to __________.
attach free nucleotides to the new DNA strand
In DNA, the two purines are __________, and the two pyrimidines are __________.
adenine and guanine; cytosine and thymine
Once the DNA at the replication fork is unwound by helicases, what prevents the two strands from coming back together to re-form a double helix?
Single-strand binding proteins bind the unwound DNA and prevent the double helix from re-forming
What is the major difference between bacterial chromosomes and eukaryotic chromosomes?
Bacteria have a single circular chromosome, whereas eukaryotes have several linear chromosomes.
The “beads on a string” seen in interphase chromatin are __________.
nucleosomes
A scientist assembles a bacteriophage with the protein coat of phage T2 and the DNA of phage T4. If this composite phage were allowed to infect a bacterium, the phages produced in the host cell would have __________.
the protein and DNA of T4
The incorporation of an incorrect base into a DNA molecule during replication __________.
can be repaired by the mismatch repair system
During Griffith’s experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae in mice, material from __________ bacteria transformed __________ bacteria.
heat-killed virulent; living nonvirulent
The overall error rate in a completed DNA molecule is approximately __________.
one error per 10,000,000,000 nucleotides
Once the DNA at the replication fork is unwound by helicases, what prevents the two strands from coming back together to re-form a double helix?
Single-strand binding proteins bind the unwound DNA and prevent the double helix from re-forming.
Chargaff found that in DNA samples, __________.
the ratio of A to T is close to 1:1 and the ratio of G to C is close to 1:1
