Ch. 13

Question 1

Based on the archaeological record from various areas, the initial effect of agriculture on height was that height:

Answer 1

Decreased

Question 2

The masticatory-functional hypothesis states that:

Answer 2

change in skull form represents a response to decreased demands on the chewing muscles

Question 3

An increase in dental caries in North America came about because of the increase in consumption of

Answer 3

Corn

Question 4

During your lab you are asked to identify the pathological feature of spongy bone invading the eye socket that occurs in the interior upper surface of the eye sockets; you diagnose the condition as:

Answer 4

Correcta. cribra orbitalia, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia or parasitic infection.

Question 5

Which of these locations is most likely to have people suffering from a variety of infectious diseases?

Answer 5

Closely packed slums

Question 6

Modern human evolution has been marked by ______________ in the size of the face and jaw and ______________ in cultural complexity.

Answer 6

A decrease; an increase

Question 7

Modern humans have misaligned teeth because of

Answer 7

All the above

Question 8

In a biology class, your friend had to read Jared Diamond’s essay The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race, which details the drawbacks of sedentary life and agriculture. Your friend wants to know why humans continued to farm in the face of disease and other issues. You reply that

Answer 8

having reliable access to food and being able to produce more calories per unit of land available led to population increase.

Question 9

Hunter-gatherers’ skeletons tend to show:

Answer 9

Higher levels of activity

Question 10

The adoption of agriculture resulted in the development and spread of:

Answer 10

Infectious disease

Question 11

the key cereal grains domesticated in the earlier Holocene, especially:

Answer 11

Wheat, barley, corn, and rice.

Question 12

Comparisons of the bones from hunter-gatherers’ to later agriculturalists’ to modern peoples’:

Answer 12

Show a remarkable decline in size

Question 13

The human population increase of the Holocene was probably due to:

Answer 13

Decrease in birth spacing

Question 14

Bone comparisons between hunter-gatherers and later agriculturalists, then modern peoples show:

Answer 14

Decline in size

Question 15

A round cross section of a long bone suggests that the bone will:

Answer 15

Equal strength in all directions

Question 16

A(n) _______ is a scientist who studies plant remains in the archaeological record.

Answer 16

Paleoethnobotanist

Question 17

A symptom of anemia where spongy bone invades the eye sockets is called:

Answer 17

Cirbra Orbitalia

Question 18

As towns and cities began to compete for increasingly limited resources:

Answer 18

Organized warfare developed

Question 19

Dental caries in the New World increased at the same time that populations were producing:

Answer 19

Corn

Question 20

One of the most important adaptive transitions in hominin evolution is:

Answer 20

The shift from foraging to farming