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Advanced Terminology Ch 7/8 > Ch 13/14/15 > Flashcards

Ch 13/14/15 Flashcards

1
Q

a-

A

without absence of

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2
Q

epi-

A

upon over above on top

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3
Q

hemi-

A

half

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4
Q

intra-

A

within

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5
Q

mono-

A

one

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6
Q

para-

A

alongside or abnormal

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7
Q

poly-

A

excessive many over

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8
Q

quadri-

A

four

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9
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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10
Q

aut/o

A

self

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11
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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12
Q

cerebell/o

A

little brain/cerebellum

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13
Q

cerebr/o

A

brain/cerebrum

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14
Q

crani/o

A

skull/cranium

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15
Q

embol/o

A

plug

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16
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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17
Q

gli/o

A

glue

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18
Q

gnos/o

A

knowledge

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19
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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20
Q

Hydr/o

A

water

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21
Q

later/o

A

side

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22
Q

mening/i mening/o

A

membrane

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23
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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24
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord/medulla/myelin

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25
Q

narc/o

A

numbness

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26
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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27
Q

poli/o

A

gray

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28
Q

scler/o

A

hard

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29
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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30
Q

little vessel

A

vasculo

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31
Q

ventricul/o

A

little belly, ventricle

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32
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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33
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

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34
Q

-cele

A

hernia swelling protrusion

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35
Q

-ia

A

condition of

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36
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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37
Q

-ism

A

condition or disease

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38
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

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39
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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40
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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41
Q

-osis

A

condition of

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42
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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43
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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44
Q

-rrhage

A

abnormal discharge

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45
Q

-troph

A

development

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46
Q

-us

A

pertaining to

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47
Q

an-

A

without, absence of

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48
Q

angi/o

A

blood vessel

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49
Q

dur/o

A

hard

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50
Q

ech/o

A

sound

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51
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

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52
Q

esthes/o

A

sensation

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53
Q

gangli/o ganglion/o

A

swelling/knot

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54
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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55
Q

radic/o

A

nerve root

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56
Q

rhiz/o

A

nerve root

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57
Q

tom/o

A

to cut

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58
Q

vag/o

A

vagus nerve

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59
Q

-algesia

A

pain

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60
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

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61
Q

-gram

A

record or image

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62
Q

-graphy

A

recording process

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63
Q

-iatry

A

treatment, specialty

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64
Q

-ist

A

one who specializes

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65
Q

-logy

A

study or science of

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66
Q

-lysis

A

loosen/dissolve

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67
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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68
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suturing

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69
Q

-tome

A

cutting instrument

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70
Q

-tomy

A

incision, to cut

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71
Q

bi-

A

two

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72
Q

dys-bad abnormal painful difficult

A
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73
Q

ment/o

A

mind

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74
Q

phren/o

A

mind

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75
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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76
Q

schiz/o

A

divide,split

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77
Q

somat/o

A

body

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78
Q

-lexia

A

pertaining to word or phrase

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79
Q

-mania

A

madness,frenzy

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80
Q

-osis

A

condition of

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81
Q

-phobia

A

fear

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82
Q

a-

A

without absence of

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83
Q

dipl-

A

double

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84
Q

hyper-

A

excessive abnormally high above

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85
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

bind together/conunctiva

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86
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder/sac

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87
Q

dacry/o

A

tear

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88
Q

ir/o

A

iris

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89
Q

kerat/o

A

hard/cornea

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90
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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91
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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92
Q

presby/o

A

old age

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93
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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94
Q

sinus/o

A

cavity

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95
Q

stigmat/o

A

point

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96
Q

-iasis

A

condition of

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97
Q

-ism

A

condition or disease

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98
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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99
Q

-opia

A

condition of vision

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100
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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101
Q

intra-

A

within

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102
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

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103
Q

opt/o

A

eye

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104
Q

radi/o

A

radius

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105
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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106
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

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107
Q

-logist

A

one who studies

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108
Q

-metrist

A

one who measures

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109
Q

-stomy

A

surgical creation of an opening

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110
Q

-tomy

A

incision, to cut

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111
Q

extern/o

A

exterior

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112
Q

mastoid/o

A

resembling a breast

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113
Q

med/o

A

middle

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114
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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115
Q

presby/o

A

old age

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116
Q

scler/o

A

hard, sclera

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117
Q

-acusis

A

condition of hearing

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118
Q

-osis

A

condition of

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119
Q

audi/o

A

hearing

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120
Q

labyrinth/o

A

maze, inner ear

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121
Q

mastoid/o

A

resembling a breast

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122
Q

myring/o

A

membrane, eardrum

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123
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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124
Q

tympan/o

A

eardrum

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125
Q

-metry

A

measurement, process of measuring

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126
Q

-scope

A

instrument used for viewing

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127
Q

-scopy

A

process of viewing

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128
Q

-tomy

A

incision, to cut

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129
Q

endo-

A

within

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130
Q

para-

A

alongside abnormal

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131
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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132
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal gland

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133
Q

calc/i calc/o

A

calcium

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134
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

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135
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

136
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

137
Q

Gonad/o

A

sex gland

138
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

139
Q

pancreat/o

A

sweetbread/pancreas

140
Q

thyr/o

A

shield thyroid

141
Q

thyroid/o

A

resembling shield, thyroid

142
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

143
Q

-emia

A

condition of blood

144
Q

-ism

A

condition or disease

145
Q

-megaly

A

abnormally large

146
Q

-oma

A

tumor

147
Q

-osis

A

condition of

148
Q

-penia

A

abnormal reduction in number, deficiency

149
Q

loss of ability to interpret sensory information disorder known as

A

agnosia

150
Q

over 40, brain undergoes gradual deterioration resulting in confusion, short-term memory loss, restlessness and cognitive losses

A

alzheimers disease AD

151
Q

progressive atrophy (loss) of muscle caused by hardening of nervous tissue on later columns of spinal cord

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS
Lou Gehrigs disease

152
Q

developmental disorder varies severity with pt, withdrawal from outward reality and impaired development in social conduct and communication. “Disease of self”

A

autism

153
Q

paralysis of face muscles on one side due to damage to the seventh cranial nerve

A

bell’s palsy

154
Q

inflammation of cerebellum

A

cerebellitis

155
Q

arteries channeling blood to brain weaken and bulge placing brain at great risk of damage resulting from a burst aneurysm

A

cerebral aneurysm

156
Q

vessels gradually close due to accumulation of fatty plaques, reducing the floe of blood to the brain

A

cerebral atherosclerosis

157
Q

moving blood clot in an artery of the brain

A

cerebral embolism

158
Q

condition of bleeding from blood vessels associated with the cerebrum

A

cerebral hemorrhage

159
Q

partial muscle paralysis persist through life caused by brain lesion present at birth or brain malfunction during early childhood

A

cerebral palsy (CP)

160
Q

stroke (blood supply to brain is reduced or cut off resulting in irreversible death of brain crlld

A

CVA cerebrovascular accident

161
Q

mini stroke

A

TIA transient ischemic attsck

162
Q

Lodged stationary blood clot

A

thrombus

163
Q

moving blood clots

A

emboli

164
Q

several levels of abnormally decreased consciousness

A

coma

165
Q

an injury to soft tissue resulting from blow or violent shaking

A

concussion

166
Q

brain injury: bleeding that can result in functional losses and death

A

concussion

167
Q

inflammation of brain

A

encephalitis

168
Q

softening of brain tissue

A

encephalomalacia

169
Q

A chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, including convulsions and temporary loss of consciousness

A

epilepsy

170
Q

neoplasm (tumor) of glial cells

A

glioma

171
Q

neoplasm

A

abnormal growth

172
Q

cerebrospinal fluid filling beyond head capacity due to Narrowing or blockage

A

hydrocephalus

173
Q

Benign tumour of the meninges usually arising from the arachnoid Mater, and occurring within the superior sagittal sinus on top of the brain

A

meningioma

174
Q

inflammation of the meninges usually caused by bacterial infection

A

meningitis

175
Q

A protrusion of the meninges usually caused by a birth defect in the skull or spinal column

A

meningocele

176
Q

Term associated with a protrusion of the meninges in spinal cord through a defective opening in the spinal column

A

meningomyelocele

177
Q

Disease characterized by the deterioration of the myelin sheath covering axons within the brain

A

Multiple sclerosis

178
Q

Inflammation of the spinal cord

A

myelitis

179
Q

sleep disorder, characterized by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, attacks of paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations

A

Narcolepsy

180
Q

dreams intruding into the wakeful state

A

hypnogogic hallucinations

181
Q

inflammation of a nerve

A

neuritis

182
Q

inflammation of many nerves

A

polyneuritis

183
Q

tumor originating from neuron

A

neuroma

184
Q

damage to peripheral nerves due to any cause

A

neuropathy
polyneuropathy if multiple areas affected

185
Q

muscles of legs and lower body paralyzed

A

paraplegia

186
Q

one limb paralyzed

A

monoplegia

187
Q

paralysis of one arm and one leg on same side paralyzed

A

hemiplegia

188
Q

paralysis from neck down includes all 4 limbs

A

quadriplegia

189
Q

chronic progressive degenerative disease of the brain characterized by tremors, rigidity, and shuffling gait:

A

parkinson’s disease (PD)

190
Q

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord sometimes resulting in paralysis or death

A

poliomyelitis

191
Q

inflammation of the ventricles of the brain

A

ventriculitis

192
Q

most common form of pain management (ibuprofen, asprin, acetominophen)

A

analgesic
opioid (codeine:morphine)

193
Q

primary type of pain management used during surgical procedures

A

anesthesia

194
Q

anesthesia is managed by anesthesiologist but administered by

A

anesthesist

195
Q

diagnostic procedure reveals blood flow to brain by x-ray photo

A

cerebral angiography

196
Q

procedure using computer to interpret series of xray images and construct them to a 3D view of brain

A

computed (axil) tomography scan

197
Q

surgical removal of part of bony cranium

A

craniectomy

198
Q

incision made through cranium to provide surgical access to brain

A

craniotomy

199
Q

ultrasound used to record brain structures in search for abnormaloties

A

echoencephalography EchoEG

200
Q

general type of treatment to manage neurological disorders

A

effectual drug therapy

201
Q

meds reduce pt anxiety levels

A

antianxiety

202
Q

meds to control convulsions occuring in disease such as epilepsy

A

anticonvulsants

203
Q

meds used against fever

A

antipyretics

204
Q

meds reduce hallucinations/confusion

A

antipsychotics

205
Q

diagnostic procedure records electrical impulses if brain to measure brain activity

A

EEG electroencephalography

206
Q

meds produce stupor or induce sleep

A

narcotics

207
Q

meds used to calm agitated and anxious pts

A

tranquilizers/sedatives

208
Q

injection of spinal block anesthetic into epidural space to manage pain

A

Epidural

209
Q

group of diagnostic tests measuring changes in brain waves during particular stimuli to determine brsin function. Evaluates sight, hearing and other senses

A

( EP studies)evoked potential studies

210
Q

surgical removal of a ganglion

A

gangliectomy

211
Q

withdrawal (aspiration) of CSF from subarachnoid space in the lumbar region of vertebral column where spinal cord is absent

A

lumbar puncture (LP)

212
Q

diagnostic procedure using powerful magnets used to observe soft tissues in body including brain

A

magnetic resonance imaging

213
Q

xray photograph of the spinal cord following injection of a contrast dye

A

myelogram
procedure of myelogram is myelography

214
Q

surgical removal of nerve

A

neurectomy

215
Q

study and medical practice of nervous system

A

neurology

216
Q

physician specializing in neurology

A

neurologist

217
Q

procedure of separating a nerve by removing unwanted adhesions

A

neurolysis

218
Q

surgical repair of nerve

A

neuroplasty

219
Q

suturing of nerves

A

neurorraphy

220
Q

incision into a nerve

A

neurotomy

221
Q

scan using radioactive chemical to provide a map of metabolically active cells within the brain

A

positron emission tomography

222
Q

branch of medicine addressing disorders of brain resulting in mental, emotional, behavioral disturbances

A

psychiatry

223
Q

drug therapy targeting brain

A

psychopharmacology

224
Q

psychiatric therapy to improve pts quality of life

A

psychoanalysis

225
Q

field not a medical specialty . Study of human behavior

A

psychology

226
Q

uses applied psychology to treat patients suffering from behavioural disorders and emotional trauma

A

clinical psychology

227
Q

technique used in treating behavioral and emotional issues

A

psychotherapy

228
Q

surgical incision into a nerve root

A

radicotomy or rhizotomy

229
Q

series of diagnostic tests performed to observe the body’s response to touch stimuli

A

reflex testing

230
Q

powerful chemical that dissolves blood clots in vessels supplying the brain is known as

A

tPA tissue plasminogen activator

231
Q

several branches of vagus nerve severed to reduce acid secretion into stomach to help reduce reoccurrence of peptic ulcer or reduce pain from digestive organs

A

vagotomy

232
Q

Occurs when mental state dominates behaviour usually an acute response includes restlessness, psychological tension, tachycardia, and shortness of breath

A

anxiety disorder

233
Q

Neurological disorder, characterized by short attention, span, and poor concentration, usually associated with school-age children, but can also affect adults

A

attention-deficit disorder

234
Q

mental disorder affects cognitive functions of the cerebrum, causing alternating periods of high energy and mental confusion, known as mania with low energy and mental depression

A

bipolar disorder

235
Q

mental confusion

A

mania

236
Q

An impairment of mental function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion, usually associated with old age sometimes the companies Alzheimer’s

A

dementia

237
Q

Reading handicapped, that’s neurological cause with some letters and numbers are reversed in order by the brain

A

dyslexia

238
Q

And emotional disorder of a normally hi psycho motor activity, which includes excitement a rapid movement of ideas on stable, attention, sleeplessness, and confusion between reality and imagination

A

mania

239
Q

Individual believes oneself to be a person of great fame or wealth

A

megalomania

240
Q

An emotional disorder involving a counterproductive way of dealing with mental stress

A

neurosis

241
Q

Person experiencing persistent delusions of persecution, resulting in mistrust and combativeness

A

paranoia

242
Q

An irrational, obsessive fear

A

phobia

243
Q

People who have experienced severe mental strain, physical threat or injury, such as military combat or physical assault or emotional trauma, suffered from a cute condition. That includes sleeplessness, anxiety and paranoia.

A

post traumatic stress disorder

244
Q

General term for a mental or emotional disorder

A

psychopathy

245
Q

individual suffering from a grossss torsion or disorganization of their mental capacity, emotional response and capacity to recognize reality, and relate to others may be diagnosed with the disease known as

A

psychosis most common form shizophrenia

246
Q

influence of the mind over bodily functions, especially disease among some people their mind creates symptoms of suggest an illness when sick physical signs are absent and others can be real physical illness, resulting from mental anxiety, such as peptic ulcer and hypertension

A

psychosomatic

247
Q

Most common form of psychosis, characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and extensive withdrawal from other people in the outside world

A

schizophrenia

248
Q

Commonly known as lazy eye, common cause of vision, loss, in children when nerve pathway from one eye failing to develop sending a blur damage to the brain (mixed message confuses the brain leading to vision loss if not treated)

A

amblyopia

249
Q

one or both eyes crossed (squinting)

A

strabismus

250
Q

one or both eyes turned inward

A

Esotropia

251
Q

one eye turned outward

A

exotropia

252
Q

lens in eye becomes transparent

A

cataract

253
Q

“Pinkeye” inflammation of thin membrane covering exposed part of eye and inner eyelid

A

conjunctivitis

254
Q

tear forming gland with associated tubes and chambers mainly located near medial side of each eyeball

A

lacrimal apparatus

255
Q

presence of rocky particles in lacrimal apparatus

A

dacryolithiasis

256
Q

dacryolithiasis painful condition leads to inflammation of lacrimal apparatus

A

dacryocystitis

257
Q

common cause of blindness when retina tears away from choroid layer of the eye

A

detached retina

258
Q

condition of double vision

A

diplopia

259
Q

loss of vision when fluid pressure within anterior chamber of eye rises above normal and spreads pushing against delicate retina and optic nerve

A

glaucoma

260
Q

meibomian gland is small gland in eyelid secretes lubricating fluid onto the conjunctiva. An infection of this gland produces local swelling of eyelid

A

hordeolum or sty
Chronic form is chalazion

261
Q

bacterial infection causing inflammation of iris

A

iritis

262
Q

inflammation of cornea

A

keratitis

263
Q

progressive deterioration of the macula lutea leads to loss of visual focus

A

macular degeneration

264
Q

softening of the eye

A

opthalmomalacia

265
Q

paralysis of the eye

A

opthalmoplegia

266
Q

disease of retina

A

retinopathy

267
Q

Conditions of the eye result in reduction of vision, resulting from an error in the refraction (bending) of light as it travels through the eye

A

refractive errors

268
Q

nearsightedness

A

myopia

269
Q

farsightedness

A

hyperopia

270
Q

age related form of refractive error beginning soon after age of 40 (hyperopia worsens with time)

A

presbyopia

271
Q

curvature of eye defective resulting in blurred near and far vision

A

Astigmatism

272
Q

normal condition of the eye

A

emmetropia

273
Q

lens damaged by cataract is surgically removed and replaced with artificial lens

A

cataract extraction
technique is phacoemulsification

274
Q

articial lens

A

Intra ocular lens (IOL)

275
Q

Treatment of corneal damage injured cornea removed and replaced by implantation of donor or synthetic cornea

A

corneal grafting

276
Q

tiny holes created through retina by laser treatment which welds retina back into place

A

cryopexy
“Surgical fixation by freezing”

277
Q

tiny band attached to white outsidr layer of eye to push the wall of eye against detached retina

A

scleral buckling

278
Q

channel surgically created between nasal cavity and lacrimal sac to promote drainage

A

dacryocystorhinostomy

279
Q

laser to reshape corneal tissue beneath surface of cornea to correct refractive errors

A

LaSIk
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

280
Q

health professional trained to examine eyes to correct vision problems and eye disorders

A

optometrist

281
Q

Physician specializing in study of treatment of diseases associated with the eyes

A

opthalmologist

282
Q

Form of refractive surgery because it corrects refractive error of myopia

A

radial keratotomy

283
Q

formation of a cyst like ball of epithelial cells in middle ear

A

cholesteatoma

284
Q

inflammation of mastoid (process of temporal bone of skull housing middle and internal ear)

A

mastoiditis

285
Q

Chronic disease of the inner ear

A

Menieres disease

286
Q

general term for inflammation of the ear

A

otitis

287
Q

Another form of otitis where middle ear is involved to cause local pain and a temporary loss of hearing

A

otitis media

288
Q

abnormal formation of bone within ear

A

otosclerosis

289
Q

gradual loss of hearing with advancing age is a very common condition

A

presbyacusis

290
Q

one who specializes in hearing disorders and treatment

A

audiologist

291
Q

procedure involving measurement of hearing is usually performed by

A

audiologist

292
Q

small electronic device that helps provide sensation of sound to person dead or hard of hearing

A

cochlear implant

293
Q

inner ear or labyrinth surgically removed

A

labyrinthectomy

294
Q

surgical removal of part of mastoid process of temporal bone

A

mastoidectomy

295
Q

making incision into mastoid process in procedure

A

mastoidotomy

296
Q

surgical repair of ear drum

A

myringoplasty

297
Q

incision into the eardrum

A

myringotomy

298
Q

medical field of ear disorders and their treatment

A

otology

299
Q

instrument used in physical exam to view ear canal and ear drum

A

otoscope

300
Q

Procedure evaluates elasticity of eardrum by measuring its movement

A

tympanometry

301
Q

surgical repair of the ear drum

A

tympanoplasty

302
Q

child suffering from thyroid glands ability to produce normal levels of growth hormone at birth

A

congenital hypothyroidism

303
Q

condition caused by excessive secretion of hormone cortisol by adrenal cortex snd affecting many organs

A

cushing syndrome

304
Q

hypo secretion of anti diuretic hormone by pituitary gland

A

diabetes insipidus

305
Q

result of resistance of body cells to insulin or deficiency or complete lack of insulin production by cells of pancreas

A

diabetes mellitus

306
Q

when unmanaged diabetes worsens leading to kidney failure and damage to the eyes

A

diabetic retinopathy

307
Q

general term for disease of endocrine system

A

endocrinopathy

308
Q

excessive activity of one or more adrenal glands

A

hyperadrenalism

309
Q

adrenal gland activity becomes abnormally reduced, resulting in the early symptom’s of fatigue and darkening of skin

A

hypoadrenalism if left untreated becomes addisons disease

310
Q

disease where calcium levels in the blood become abnormally high

A

hypercalcemia

311
Q

condition of abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood

A

hypocalcemia

312
Q

blood sugars fall to abnormally low levels

A

hypoglycemia

313
Q

excessive production of parathyroid hormone by the glands

A

hyperparathyroidism

314
Q

excessive activity of the thyroid gland produces abnormally high levels of thyroid hormone

A

hyperthyroidism

315
Q

thyroid gland activity becomes deficient, thyroid hormone blood levels drop below normal

A

hypothyroidism

316
Q

abnormal levels of FSH and LH result in reduced sexual interest and reproductive capacity. If before puberty can cause failurr to develop secondary sex characteristics

A

hypogonadism

317
Q

inflammation of pancreas

A

pancreatitis

318
Q

abnormally high production of pituitary growth hormone b4 adulthood

A

pituitary gigantism

319
Q

pituitary growth hormone is deficient at birth resulting in short stature

A

pituitary dwarfism

320
Q

Inflammation of thyroid

A

thyroiditis

321
Q

surgical excision, removal of one or both of the adrenal glands

A

adrenalectomy

322
Q

physician specializing in field of endocrine disorders

A

endocrinologist

323
Q

blood sugar levels measured after a 12 hr fast

A

fasting blood sugar

324
Q

blood sugar levels are measured about 2 hrs after a meal

A

postprandial blood sugar

325
Q

postprandial

A

after a meal

326
Q

test used to confirm diagnoses of diabetes mellitus examines a pt’s tolerance of glucose

A

glucose tolerance test

327
Q

common therapy to counteract hyposecretion of the endocrine gland

A

hormone replacement therapy

328
Q

Surgical excision or removal of a parathyroid gland

A

parathyroidectomy

329
Q

Diagnostic procedure used to track and measure its entry into thyroid gland cells with a scanning instrument

A

radioactive iodine

330
Q

radioactive therapy target cells within thyroid gland and destroys them

A

radioiodine therapy

331
Q

procedure measuring thyroid function

A

thyroid scan

332
Q

thyroid tumor

A

thyroidoma

333
Q

Surgical removal of thyroid gland

A

thyroidectomy

334
Q

procedure which thyroid gland is surgically entered

A

thyroidotomy

335
Q

thyroid gland evaluated for disease using ultrasound in procedure

A

thyroid ultrasonography

336
Q

parathyroid and thyroid removal surgery

A

thyroparathyroidectomy

337
Q

diagnostic test measuring thyroxine levels in the blood

A

thyroxine test

Advanced Terminology Ch 7/8 (7 decks)

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