advanced terms 9-10 Flashcards
alveol/o
air sac/alveolus
ABGs
arterial blood gases
AFB
acid-fast bacilli smear
ARDS
adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome
CF
cystic fibrosis
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure device
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CXR
chest x-ray
ENT
ear nose throat specialist
NRDS
neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
NSCLC
non-small cell lung cancer
PE
pulmonary embolism
PPD
purified protein derivative
PFTs
pulmonary function tests
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome
SARS
severe acute respiratory syndrome
SCLC
small cell lung cancer
SOB
shortness of breath
TB
tuberculosis
URI
upper respiratory infection
V/Q scan
ventilation-perfusion scanning
BE
barium enema
C&S
stool culture & sensitivity
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
FOBT
fecal occult blood test
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GI
gastro intestinal
HCC
hepatocellular carcinoma
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
IBS
irritable bowel syndrom
LGI
lower GI series
LI
lactose intolerance
N&V
nausea and vomiting
UGI
upper GI series
a-
without absence of
epi-
upon/over/above/on top
atel/o
incomplete
bronch/o
airway/bronchus
carcin/o
cancer
Coccidioid/o
coccidioides immitis fungus
con/i
dust
cyst/o
bladder
embol/o
plug
fibr/o
fiber
glott/o
opening into the windpipe
laryng/o
voice box/larynx
myc/o
fungus
nas/o
nose
pharyng/o
throat pharynx
pleur/o
rib/pleura
pneum/o pneumon/o
air/lung
pulmon/o
lung
py/o
pus
rhin/o
nose
sinus/o
cavity
sphyx/o
pulse
sten/o
narrow
tonsill/o
almond/tonsil
trache/o
windpipe/trachea
Tubercul/o
little swelling
-al
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
-ectasis
expansion/dilated
-genic
pertaining to producing forming
-ia
condition of
-ic
pertaining to
-ism
condition or disease
-itis
inflammation
-oma
tumor
-osis
condition of
anti-
against/opposite of
endo-
within
aden/o
gland
angi/o
blood vessel
bronch/o
airway/bronchus
dilat/o
To widen
ot/o
ear
ox/i
oxygen
spir/o
breathe
thorac/o
chest thorax
-ary
pertaining to
-centesis
surgical puncture
-gram
record or image
-graphy
recording process
-ion
process
-oid
resembling
-plasty
surgical repair
-scopy
process of viewing
-stomy
surgical creation of an opening
-tomy
incision/cut
surgical incision into trachea part of tracheostomy:
tracheotomy
surgical creation of an opening into trachea usually for insertion of breathing tube:
tracheostomy
surgical repair of trachea:
tracheoplasty
surgical incision into the chest wall:
thoracotomy
surgical puncture into chest cavity usually for insertion of a drainage or air tube
thoracostomy
diagnostic tool using nuclear medicine or radioactive material to evaluate pulmonary function:
ventilation perfusion scanning (VQ scan)
surgical puncture using needle and syringe into thoracic cavity to aspirate pleural fluid for dx or treatment:
thoracentesis
simple skin test to determine presence of a tb infection:
TB skin test
surgical repair of the nose:
rhinoplasty
emergency procedure used to restore breathing most common form is CPR:
resuscitation
physician specializing in treatment pf diseases affecting lower respiratory tract (lungs):
pulmonologist
series of diagnostic tests performed to determine the cause of lung disease thru use of spirometry:
pulmonary function tests
diagnostic procedure evaluates blood circulation of lungs:
pulmonary angiography
surgical removal of the lung:
pneumonectomy
surgical puncture and aspiration of fluid from pleural cavity is diagnostic procedure called:
pleurocentesis
procedure measures oxygen levels in blood:
oximetry
device used to convert liquid meds to a mist and bring it to the lungs with aid of deep inhalation
nebulizer
med treatment to provide supplemental oxygen to pts in respiratory distress:
mechanical ventilation
surgical removal of a single lobe of lung sometimes required as treatment for lung cancer, if tumor is isolated in one lobe procedure called:
lobectomy
surgical incision into larynx and trachea is usually performed to provide secondary opening for inspiration and expiration allowing aire to bypass upper respiratory tract:
laryngotracheotomy
diagnostic procedure that uses a modified endoscope
laryngoscope
surgical removal of larynx:
laryngectomy
small handheld device with med such as albuterol deliver specific dosage of aerosolized med for inhalation to open dilate the bronchial airway:
inhaler
post op breathing therapy to promote deeper breathing to improve lung expansion after an operation:
incentive spirometry
drug that breaks up mucus and promotes the coughing reflex to expel the mucus:
expectorant
physician specializing in treatment of upper respiratory tract disease:
ear nose throat specialist
ENT
device used to regulate breathing during sleep as treatment for sleep apnea:
CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure
chest CT scan
diagnostic imaging of chest by a CT instrument
x-ray image of thoracic cavity used to diagnose TB /tumors and other conditions of lung:
chest x-ray
evaluation of bronchi using flex tube on lens attached to monitor:
bronchoscopy
x ray imaging of bronchi:
bronchography
procedure using bronchodilating agent to relax smooth muscles of airway in effort to stop bronchial constriction allowing pt to breathe easier:
bronchodilation
listening to sounds within the body part of physical exam with aid of stethoscope:
auscultation
removal of fluid, air, foreign bodies with suction
aspiration
clinical test on arterial blood to identify levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide:
ABG’s
Therapeutic drug that inhibits the effects of histamines:
anti histamine
surgical removal of adenoids:
adenoidectomy
clinical test performed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria that react to acid:
acid fast bacilli smear AFB
general infection of the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx)
upper respiratory infection
infection of lungs by bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Condition of little swelling)
tuberculosis
inflammation of trachea:
tracheitis
inflammation of trachea causing it to be narrow:
tracheostenosis
inflammation of tonsil/s
tonsilitis
inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose:
sinisitis
severe, rapid onset viral infection resulting in respiratory distress that includes acute lung inflammation, alveolar damage and atelectasis:
severe acute respiratory syndrome
SARS
inflammation of mucous membranes lining nasal cavity:
rhinitis
severe respiratory disease characterized by rapid respiratory failure caused by insufficient surfactant oil preventing alveoli from sticking together during deep inhalation:
neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
presence of pus in pleural cavity
pyothorax or empyema
abnormal presence of air or gas within pleural cavity caused by penetrating injury to chest leads to collapsed lung:
pneumothorax
accumulation of fluid within the lungs is a response to infection or injury is called:
pulmonary edema
blockage in the pulmonary circulation by a blood clot:
pulmonary embolism
inflammatory condition of lungs that is independent of a particular cause:
pneumonitis
inflammation of soft lung tissue that results in formation if exudate (fluid) within alveoli:
pneumonia
exudate
fluid
inflammation of lungs when caused by chronic inhalation of fine particles (asbestosis or silicosis are common forms)
pneumoconiosis
inflammation of pleural membranes
pleuritis
fluid leaks into pleural cavity usually response by body to injury or infection of pleural membranes around lungs:
pleural effusion
inflammation of the pharynx
pharyngitis
acute infectious disease characterized by inflammation of larynx, trachea and bronchi that produces spasmodic coughing:
pertussis or whooping cough
inflammation of nose and pharynx:
nasopharyngitis
form of pneumonia caused by bacterium legionella pneumophila:
legionellosis or legionnaires’ disease
inflammation of larynx
laryngitis
inflammation of the epiglottis:
epiglottitis
chronic lung disease characterized by symptoms of dyspnea, chronic cough, formation of barrel chest due to labored breathing, and gradual deterioration caused by chronic hypoxemia and hypercapnia:
emphysema
severe hereditary disease characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and elsewhere:
cystic fibrosis
viral infectious disease common in infants and young children produces characteristic hoarse cough with a sound resembling the bark of a dog or seal. Cough results from swelling of larynx in response to viral infection.
croup or laryngotracheobronchitis
common cold caused by virus infecting upper respiratory tract resulting in local inflammation is:
coryza
when both conditions of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (reduced air flow to and from alveoli in lungs)
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
acute inflammatory disease involving bronchioles and alveoli: usually caused by bacterial infection
bronchopneumonia
fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract which often spreads to the lungs and other organs:
coccidioidomycosis or valley fever
inflammation of the bronchi:
bronchitis
bronchi are large tubes that branch into smaller tubes in the lungs known as bronchioles. When inflammation occurs is called:
bronchiolitis
aggressive form of cancer arising from cells within the bronchi:
bronchogenic carcinoma
inability to breathe
asphyxia
chronic condition characterized by widespread narrowing of bronchioles, bronchospasms and formation of mucous plugs known as:
asthma
trauma or disease disables protective mechanism of alveoli causing them to collapse preventing air from entering:
atelectasis
chronic, abnormal dilation of bronchi:
bronchiectasis
an-
without absence of
dys-
bad abnormal painful difficult
-mal
bad
aden/o
gland
appendic/o
appendix
cheil/o
lip
chol/e
bile, gall
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
choledoch/o
common bile duct
cirrh/o
orange
col/o
colon
diverticul/o
diverticulum
duoden/o
twelve/duodenum
enter/o
small intestine
esophag/e esophag/o
gullet/esophagus
gastr/o
stomach
gingiv/o
gums
gloss/o
tongue
hepat/o
liver
lith/o
stone
orex/o
appetite
pancreat/o
sweetbread/pancreas
parot/o
parotoid gland
pept/o
digestion
peritone/o
stretch over/peritoneum
polyp/o
small growth
proct/o
rectum anus
rect/o
rectum
sial/o
saliva
volv/o
to roll
-al
pertaining to
-ectasis
expansion dilation
-ia
condition of
-iasis
condition of
-ic
pertaining to
-malacia
softening
-megaly
abnormally large
-oid
resembling
-osis
condition of
-pathy
disease
-ptosis
drooping
-sis
state of
-y
process of
an emotional eating disorder which pt voids food cuz of compulsion to become thin
anorexia nervosa
inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
common eatin disorder involving repeat gorging with food followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse
bulimia
inflammation of the lip
cheilitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
inflammation of common bile duct
choledochitis
general condition of stones lodged within gallbladder/bile ducts
cholelithiasis
chronic progressive liver disease characterized gradual loss of liver cells and their replacement by fat and other forms of connective tissue
cirrhosis
congenital defect where bones supporting roof of mouth or hard palate, fail to fuse during fetal development leaving space between oral cavity and nasal cavity
cleft palate
inflammation of segment of large intestine known as colon is
colitis
cancer of colon
colon cancer
cancer occupies parts of colon and rectum
colorectal cancer
chronic inflammation of any part of GI tract most commonly ileum of small intestine involves ulcerations scar tissue formation and thickening adhesions of the organ wall
crohns disease
small pouches form on wall of colon called diverticula
diverticulosis
if pouches from diverticula become inflamed
diverticulitis
ulcer/erosion in wall of duodenum of small intestine
duodenal ulcer
acute inflammation of the GI tract caused by bacteria, protozoa or chemical irritants
Dysentery
inflammation of sm or lg intestine
enteritis
inflammation of esophagus
espophagitis
morbid softening of esophageal wall
esophagomalacia
ingestion of food contaminated with harmful bacteria causing diahrea/vomiting and can be life threatening
food borne illness
abnormal stretching/dilation of stomach is
gastrectasis
aggressive form of cancer arising from cells lining the stomach
gastric cancer
ulcer or erosion in wall of stomach
gastric ulcer
inflammation of stomach
gastritis
if sm intestine is involved in stomach inflammation
gastroenteritis
recurring backflow or reflux of stomach contents into esophagus
GERD
gastro esophageal reflux disease
Infection from drinking contaminated water with intestinal protozoa giardia intestinalis diahrea cramps nausea and vomiting
giardiasis
inflammation of gums
gingivitis
Inflammation of tongue often caused by exposure to allergenss/toxic substances/extreme heat or cold
glossitis
varicose, swollen, condition of veins in anus produces painful swellings that may break open and bleed
hemorrhoids
viral induced inflammation of the liver
hepatitis
tumor arising from cells within the liver
malignant hepatoma
protrusion of the cardiac portion of the stomach through the hiatus of the diaphragm to enter the thoracic cavity
hiatal hernia
general term that includes the conditions ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease
IBS
condition causing flatus and diahrea when dairy foods are consumed from lack of enzyme in sm intestine
LI lactose intolerance
disorder characterized by difficulty absorbing one or more nutrients
malabsorption syndrome
ppl who react to ingested gluten (plant protein found in wheat, barley and rye) causes weight loss bloody diahrea anemia vomiting cramping osteoporosis bone and joint pain
celiac disease
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
inflammation of the parotid glands (salivary glands) if caused by virus usually referred to as mumps
parotitis or
sialadenitis
an erosion in the inner lining wall of an organ along the GI tract generally called
peptic ulcer
inflammation of the peritoneum membrane lining inner wall of abdominopelvic cavity
peritonitis
presence of many polyps
polyposis (polyp means small growth)
Inflammation of the anus and usually the rectum
proctitis
drooping, or prolapse of the rectum
proctoptosis
severe twisting of intestine that leads to obstruction
volvulus
Surgical puncture through the abdominal wall to remove fluid is a procedure called
abdominocentesis
Or paracentesis
an agent that reduces the acidity of the stomach cavity
antacid stronger meds are
Proton pump inhibitors
drug that prevents or stops vomiting reflex
antiemetic
A drug that reduces peristalsis activity in the G.I. tract arrests, the muscular spasms involved in diarrhoea
antispasmodic
surgical removal of appendix
appendectomy
Procedure for treating obesity, reducing the volume of the stomach
bariatric surgery
agent that stimulates strong waves of peristalsis of the colon to treat constipation
cathartic
purging cleansing
cathartic
suturing of the lip
cheilorraphy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
process of producing an x-ray image of the gallbladder
cholecystography
surgery involves removal of one or more obstructive gallstones from the common bile duct
choledocholithotomy
A specialized G.I. endoscopy routinely used as a preventative procedure in an effort to detect early signs of colorectal cancer, or to diagnose presence of polyps, diverticulosis, or other forms of disease of the large intestine
colonoscopy
surgical removal of the entire length of the colon
total colectomy
surgical creation of an opening of the colon creating artificial anus
colostomy
stoma is new opening
clinical lab test performed to detect blood in the feces
FOBT fecal occult blood test
surgical removal of part of the stomach or entire organ
gastrectomy
cleansing procedure which stomach is irrigated with prescribed solution
gastric lavage
process of feeding patient through nasogastric tube
gavage
visual examination of interior of GI tract is made possible by use of endoscopes in procedure known as
GI endoscopy
Surgical, removal of disease, tissues, in the gums or gingivae
gingivectomy
Common term applied to several diagnostic tech needs to provide radiographic examination of the G.I. tract
GI series
Surgery of the tongue that requires suturing usually severe bite thru tongue
glossorraphy
Surgical removal of haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoidectomy
Common surgical procedure to repair an abnormal protrusion through a body wall or hernia
Herniorrhaphy
Surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum to establish an alternative. Enos, usually following a total colectomy.
Ileostomy
Surgical procedure that involves an incision through the abdominal wall often from the base of the sternum to the pubic bone
laparotomy
Modified endoscope inserted through the abdominal wall, via one or more incisions
Laparoscopy
Surgical removal of polyps
Polypectomy
Surgical repair of the pylorus region of the stomach, which may include repair of the pyloric valve
pyloroplasty
Using feces samples to grow micro organisms and culture and identify in the micro organisms to determine which antibiotics will effectively kill the pathogens
Stool, culture, and sensitivity
Surgical dissection of branches of the vagus nerve performed in an effort to reduce gastric juice secretion as a treatment for chronic gastric ulcers it’s called
vagotomy
