Ch 11/12 Flashcards
dys-
bad abnormal painful difficult
en-
within over above on top
epi-
upon over above on top
hypo-
deficient low below
poly-
excessive many over
azot/o
urea/nitrogen
blast/o
germ/bud/developing cell
cyst/o
bladder/sac
glomerul/o
little ball/glomerus
hemat/o
blood
hydr/o
water
lith/o
stone
nephr/o
kidney
py/o
pus
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ren/o
kidney
spadias/o
rip/tear
sten/o
narrow
ur/o
urine
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
-al
pertaining to
-cele
hernia/swelling/protrusion
-iasis
condition of
-ic
pertaining to
-emia
condition of blood
-megaly
abnormally large
-oma
tumor
-osis
condition of
-pathy
disease
-ptosis
drooping
-sis
state of
-uresis
urination
-uria
pertaining to urine or urination
-gram
record/image
-graphy
recording process
-logy
study or science of
-lysis
loosen/dissolve
-pexy
surgical fixation/suspension
-plasty
surgical repair
-rrhaphy
suturing
-scopy
process of viewing
-stomy
surgical creation of an opening
-tomy
incision/to cut
-tripsy
surgical crushing
andr/o
male
balan/o
glans penis
Crypt/o
hidden
epididym/o
epididymis
orchi/o orchid/o
testis
prostat/o
prostate gland
varic/o
dilated vein
-ism
condition or disease
-plasia
formation, growth
an-
without absence of
hyper-
excessive abnormally high above
para-
alongside abnormal
anti-
against opposite of
trans-
accross through beyond
vas/o
vessel
vesicul/o
small bag
-al
pertaining to
colp/o vagin/o
vagina sheath/vagina
mamm/o mast/o
breast
men/o
month menstruation
metr/o metr/i
uterus
olig/o
few in number
py/o
pus
salping/o
trumpet; fallopian tube
a-
without absence of
-algia
condition of pain
-dynia
condition of pain
-rrhagia
abnormal discharge
-rrhea
discharge
-salpinx
trumpet, fallopian tube
pre-
to come before
fibr/o
fiber
hyster/o
uterus
lei/o
smooth
my/o
muscle
oophor/o
ovary
ovar/o
ovary
rect/o
rectum
vesic/o
bladder
vulv/o
vulva
-al
pertaining to
-atresia
closure of absence of a normal body opening
-ia
condition of
-ic
pertaining to
-s
plural
endo-
within
episi/o
vulva
gyn/o gynec/o
woman
lapar/o
abdomen
son/o
sound
-logist
one who studies
amni/o
amnion
cyes/o
pregnancy
gravid/o
pregnancy
lact/o
milk
pseud/o
false
toc/o
birth
-cyesis
pregnancy
-emesis
vomiting
-rrhea
discharge
blast/o
germ bud developing cell
erythr/o
red
fet/o
fetus
plasm/o
form
tox/o
poison
-sis
state of
epi-
upon over above on top
abort/o
miscarry
dur/o
hard
fet/o
fetus
obstetr/o
midwife
-ician
one who practices
-metry
measurement or process of measuring
-centesis
surgical puncture
general term for disease affecting only males
andropathy
condition of without testes
anorchism
inflammation of glans penis
balanitis
men over 50 prostate enlarges constricting urethra passing through it
benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH
condition of undescended testis
cryptorchidism
inflammation of the epididymis
epididymitis
when epididymis and tested are inflamed
orchiepididymitis
inability to achieve an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse
erectile dysfunction ED
swelling of the scrotum caused by fluid accumulation
hydrocele
a hardness, or induration of the erectile tissue within the penis is condition known as
Peyronie disease
narrowing of urethral opening when the prepuce (foreskin) covers the distal end of glands penis congenital condition
phimosis
prepuce
foreskin
glans penis becomes strangulated
parahimosis
abnormally persistent erection of the penis often accompanied by pain and tenderness. most common cause is drug overdose
priapism
cancer originating from testis
testicular carcinoma
when spermatic cord gets twisted causing backup of fluids and reduced blood flow to the epididymis and testis if not corrected in few hrs by surgery testicular tissue can die
testicular torsion
herniation of the veins within the spermatic cord
varicocele
collection of therapies that address erectile dysfunction
anti-impotence therapy
surgical repair of the glans penis
balanoplasty
common routine procedure of removal of the prepuce
circumcision
physical exam that involves insertion of a finger into the rectum to feel the size and shape of the prostate gland through the wall of the rectum
digital rectal examination
DRE
surgical removal of a hydrocele
hydrocelectomy
surgical removal of a testis
orchiectomy
surgical fixation of a testis is sometimes required to draw an undescended testis into the scrotum
orchidopexy
general term for a surgical repair of a testis
orchidoplasty
surgical insertion of a prosthesis or artifical device to correct erectile dysfunction
penile implants
surgical removal of prostate gland
prostatectomy
clinical test that measures levels of the protein prostate-specific antigen in the blood
prostate specific antigen PSA
procedure that treats BPH through minimal invasive removal of prostate tissue
transurethral resection of the prostate gland
dept treats urinary tract problems
urology
surgical removal of vessel of vas deferens to block flow of semen
vasectomy
surgery to reverse a vasectomy
vasovasostomy
procedure to remove the seminal vesicles which are male glands thst contribute to the formation of semen
vesiculectomy
malignant tumor arising from breast tissue
breast cancer
cells of the cervix may undergo abnormal change in a process called dysplasia which cells begin to divide rapidly snd produce oddly shaped cells
carcinoma in situ (CIS)
in site
situ
malignant tumor of the cervix
cervical cancer
inflammation of the cervix is condition
cervicitis
protrusion of urinary bladder against the wall of the vagina may occur if the attachments between the two organs weaken
cystocele
malignant tumor arising from the endometrial tissue lining uterus
endometrial cancer
physician specializing in urinary disease
urologist
medical field specializing in health and disease of kidney
nephrology
physician specializing in kidney disease
nephrologist
nephrology is sub speciality of internal medicine also refered to as
renal medicine
abnormal growth of endometrial tissue
endometriosis
inflammation of the endometrium
endometritis
one or more benign fibrous cysts develop in breast
fibrocystic breast disease
abnormal tube like passage from one organ or cavity to another
fistulas
closure of the uterus
hysteratresia
muscular wall of uterus is origin of benign tumors known as
leiomyomas
inflammation of the breast
mastitis
breast abnormally pendulous or drooping
mastoptosis
pendulous
hanging loosely
disease of ovary
oophoropathy
inflammation of ovary
oophoritis
most lethal form of reproductive cancer
ovarian cancer
cyst on ovary usually benign and asymptomatic
ovarian cyst
inflammation involving some or all of the female organs within pelvic cavity
pelvic inflammatory disease
collection of symptoms 10 days preceding period irritability beeast pain edema headache nervous tension
pre-menstrual syndrome
uterus becomes displaced to droop downward into the vagina
prolapsed uterus
or hysteroptosis
inflammation of fallopian tube
salpingitis
protrusion or herniation of a fallopian tube
salpingocele
inflammation of the vagina
vaginitis
inflammation of the external genitals or vulva
vulvitis or when vagina is also inflamed vulvovaginitis
cone shaped section of cervix is removed as common treatment for precancerous condition
cervical conization
removal of cervix
cervicectomy
removal of vagina
colpectomy
or vaginectomy
surgical repair of vagina
colpoplasty
colpoplasty often includes suturing the wall of the vagina in procedure called
colporrhaphy
common procedure used for diagnostic and treatment purposes (cervix dilated insert spoon-shaped instrument called a curette used to scrape the lining of the endometrium)
dilation and curettage
surgical removal of tissue (ablation) if endometrium requires more treatment then d and c
endometrial ablation
study of disease that afflict women
gynopathology
hormones estrogen and progesterone prescribed in pill form and most effective means of female contraception for prevention of unwanted pregnancy
hormone replacement therapy
surgical removal of uterus
hysterectomy
surgical procedure used to correct position of prolapsed uterus by strengthening connections to abdominal wall
hysteropexy
noninvasive diagnostic technique to evaluate uterine cavity
hysteroscopy
evaluate external appearance of uterus and other organs of pelvic cavity inserted with small incision in lower abdominal wall
laparoscopy
X-ray of the breast
mammography
surgical repair of one or more breasts
mammoplasty
removal of breast tissue
mastectomy
surgical removal of ovary
oophorectomy
Common diagnostic procedure that screens for precancerous cervical dysplasia in cervical cancer
pap smear or papanicolaou smear
surgical removal of fallopian tube
salpingectomy
surgical fixation of fallopian tube
salpingopexy
noninvasive diagnostic procedure that uses ultrasound waves to visualize the uterus within the pelvic cavity
sonohysterography
Ultrasound probe inserted through the vagina to record images of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes
Transvaginal sonography
fallopian tubes are severed and closed to prevent the migration of sperm upward into tubes
tubal litigation
Instrument used during a gynaecological exam
vaginal speculum
surgical removal of the vulva
vulvectomy
premature separation of placenta from uterine wall
abruptio placentae
abnormal birth which butt feet or knees appear to birth canal first
breech presentation
abnormality present at birth
congenital anomaly
circulatory disorder the place is a prison woman and her child out risk is called pregnancy induced, hypertension, characterized by high blood pressure protein, urea Adema, all due to toxaemia during pregnancy can be worse, and if the blood pressure guitar to cause convulsions, and possibly, and death
eclampsia
pregnancy occurring outside the uterus
ectopic pregnancy
Condition of neonate or newborns, in which red blood cells are destroyed due to an incompatibility between the mothers blood and babies. Blood occurs when mother has Rh negative and has previously had Rh plus Child.
erythroblastosis fetalis
or hemolytic disease of the newborn
Neonatal condition caused by excessive alcohol consumption by mother during pregnancy is known as
Foetal alcohol syndrome
Lung disorder of newborns particular preemies, in which certain cells of the lungs fail to mature causes lung to collapse and can result in suffocation
neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
condition which placenta is abnormally attached to the uterine wall in the lower portion of the uterus
placenta previa
Caused by protozoan toxoplasma Gandhi may be contracted by exposure to animal faeces
toxoplasmosis
Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or foetus from the uterus
abortion
natural expulsion of embryo or fetus from uterus
miscarriage or spontaneous abortion
or therapeutic induced if drugs used
drugs that induce therapeutic abortion
abortifacient
Procedure, that involves penetration of the amnion with a syringe, an aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis
Amniocentesis
Midwife medical field is discipline concern with prenatal development, pregnancy, childbirth, and a postpartum. Period
Obstetrics
Physician, practising in the field of obstetrics
Obstetrician
Procedure that measures the size of a foetus
fetometry
to reduce pain during childbirth, a patient may request an anaesthetic injected into the epidural space to block sensation from pelvic region
epidural
An incision through the tissues to widen the vaginal opening during childbirth
Episiotomy
An alternative to non-surgical birth accomplish surgically, making an incision to the abdomen and uterus
cesarean section
Literally means against conception or prevention of birth
contraception
Condition of without breast but with areola and nipple
amastia
or poly mastia if person has more than 2 elevated areas on chest with areola and nipple
Surgery performed to stabilize the position of the urinary bladder
vesicourethral suspension
Surgical creation of an opening through the urethra
Urethrostomy
urethrotomy includes incision into the wall of the urethra called
urethrotomy
Surgical repair of the urethra
urethroplasty
Surgical fixation of the urethra
urethropexy
Measurement of the density of substances, in liquid compared to water. Your example helps to reveal the efficiency of renal filtration and reabsorption of water.
specific gravity
Surgical removal of a ureter
ureterectomy
Surgical creation of an external opening from the ureter to the body surface
ureterostomy
ureterostomy procedure includes incision in wall of ureter
ureterotomy
Radioactive materials, highlight internal details of the kidney doing an exam that uses nuclear medicine injection of radioactive material into the patients kidney
renography
Replacement of a dysfunctional kidney with a donor kidney is the surgery called
renal transplant
Surgical repair of the renal pelvis
pyeloplasty
Surgery performed to remove the stone from the renal pelvis involves an incision into the kidney and is called a
pyelolithotomy
X-ray image of the renal pelvis
pyelogram
Obtaining an image where the procedure involves injection of contrast, medium into the ureter, using a cystoscope as x-rays taken at moves in a direction opposite from the norm
Retrograde pyelogram
if iodine is used as contrast medium its intravenous pyelogram
Procedure, which processes, fluids and electrolytes by artificial filtration, as a cleansing treatment to compensate for kidney failure, removes toxins in other ways as a replacement for kidney function
peritoneal dialysis
diagnostic procedure that images, the kidney with sectional x-rays to observe internal details of kidney structure
nephrotomogram
procedure that surgically creates an opening through the body wall and into a kidney
nephrostomy
nephrostomy established to allow catheter to be inserted from the exterior to the renal pelvis for urine drainage and is also called
pyelostomy
ultrasound procedure provides image of kidney for diagnostic analysis
nephrosonography
visual exam of a kidneys interior performed in procedure known as
nephroscopy
Surgical fixation of a kidney
nephropexy
Surgical procedure, during which abnormal adhesions are removed from a kidney loosening the organ
nephrolysis
medical field that studies and treats disorders associated with the kidneys
nephrology
x-ray image of the kidney obtained in the procedure nephrography
nephrogram
x-ray technique producing an image of a kidney after injection of a contrast, medium or dye
nephrography
surgical removal of kidney
nephrectomy
Surgical technique applies, concentrated sound waves to pulverize or dissolve stones into smaller pieces that may then pass with urine through the urethra
lithotripsy
Popular procedure, using ultrasonic energy from an instrument outside of the body, directed onto stones, too large to pass through the urethra pulverizing stones into tiny particles
ESWL extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
dissolving through
dialysis
Procedure that pushes a patient’s blood through permeable membranes with an instrument to artificially remove nitrogenous waste. An axis ions are accumulate during normal body metabolism temporary really replacing the function of kidney filtration.
hemodialysis
Surgical procedure that destroys living tissue with an electric current
fulguration
Incision through urinary bladder wall
cystotomy
Surgical creation of an artificial opening into the urinary bladder
cystostomy
Most common sister stole me procedure word incision is me just above the pubic bone and a catheter is inserted through the skin of the urinary bladder
supra pubic cystomy
Procedure using a modified endoscope to view the interior of the urinary bladder
cystoscopy
suturing urinary bladder wall procedure
cystorrhaphy
surgical repair of urinary bladder
cystoplasty
procedure, which an incision is made to the urinary bladder wall to remove a stone
cystolithotomy
X-ray procedure producing an image of the urinary bladder with injection of a contrast, medium or die
cystography
x-ray image of a cystography
cystogram
if a cystography includes both ureters its called a
cystoureterogram
if its urethra its a cystourethrogram
xray taken before during and after urination to observe bladder function
voiding cystourethrogram
surgical removal of urinary bladder
cystectomy
protein normal component of urine and by product of muscle metabolism
creatinine
Clinical lab test measures urea concentration in sample of blood as indicator of kidney function
blood urea nitrogen BUN
Infection of urinary organs usually urethra in the urinary bladder
urinary tract infection
Abnormal accumulation of urine within urinary bladder
urinary retention
Presence of one or more stones, or calculi within a ureter
ureterolithiasis
herniated ureter
ureterocele
inflammation if a ureter
ureteritis
Failure of kidneys to remove urea and is associated with renal insufficiency or renal failure
uremia
condition of abnormal narrowing
stricture
Serious, inflammatory condition of one or more of the kidneys
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
pyelitis
presence of numerous cysts in kidneys
polycystic kidney disease
downward placement of drooping of kidney
nephroptosis
A severe condition of a kidney that leads to end stage kidney disease is generally called
nephropathy
presence of one kr more stones within a kidney
nephrolithiasis
Tumour originating from kidney tissue includes developing embryonic cells
wilms tumor or nephroblastoma
Inability to control urination
Incontinence 
Involuntary discharge of urine occurring during a cough sneeze or strained movement
Stress incontinence
Inflammation of a kidney
Nephritis
Change in location of the urinary meatus is ventral in males opens on underside of penis females the metres is within the vagina
hypospadias
If exit of urine out of the kidneys, becomes blocked by an obstruction in her, ureter the urinal back up to cause distension of the renal pelvis
hydronephrosis
Inflammation of the glomeruli
glomerulonephritis
Congenital defect resulting in the abnormal positioning of the urinary meatus
epispadias
Involuntary release of urine, which usually occurs due to a lack of bladder control among children or older adults
enuresis
Failure of both kidneys to form urine for many causes life-threatening condition
end stage kidney disease or renal failure
A stone or calculus in the urinary bladder
Cystolith
rapid onset disease of kidneys resulting in a failure to produce urine
acute kidney injury (AKI)
inflammation of urinary bladder
cystitis
herniation of urinary bladder
cystocele
surgical removal of tissue
ablation
