Ch. 12 Tuna

Question 1

Which type of fishing method involves using a net to encircle a school of fish, then drawing the bottom shut to confine the fish?

a. long-line fishing
b. tuna ranching
c. purse-seine fishing
d. pole and line fishing

Answer 1

c. purse-seine fishing

Question 2

The result of the tuna industry transitioning from a Fordist to a post-Fordist industry includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. Tuna companies, like StarKist, are now just brands.
b. TNCs own all of the parts of production–from the fishing vessels to the processing plants.
c. TNCs subcontract all levels of production to maximize profit.
d. TNCs move factories to locations with cheaper labor.

Answer 2

b. TNCs own all of the parts of production-from the fishing vessels to the processing plants.

Question 3

The use of dolphin-safe labels is an example of which approach to solve environmental problems?

a. political economy approach
b. environmental ethics
c. ecocentrism
d. market environmentalism

Answer 3

d. market environmentalism

Question 4

Dolphin-safe labels are considered a success by the advocates of all of the following EXCEPT:

a. animal rights
b. sustainable tuna harvesting
c. green consumerism
d. U.S. tuna corporations

Answer 4

b. sustainable tuna harvesting

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true as it relates to dolphin-safe labels?

a. U.S. trade embargo banned foreign tuna because they couldn’t prove they were using dolphin-safe practices.
b. The World Trade Organization has deemed that the embargo on non-labeled tuna violates free trade agreements.
c. The move was a devastating blow to the U.S. tuna market.
d. The movement forced U.S. companies like StarKist, Bumblebee, and Chicken of the Sea to start using dolphin-safe practices.

Answer 5

c. The move was a devastating blow to the U.S. tuna market.

Question 6

Which type of fishing method produces the lowest overall catch in comparison to the other methods?

a. pole and line fishing
b. purse-seine fishing
c. long-line fishing
d. tuna ranching

Answer 6

a. pole and line fishing

Question 7

Moral extensions has been applied to tuna as much as to dolphins.

True or False

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Under the auspices of capitalism, fishers in the tuna industry failed to realize their own roles in sustaining their livelihoods.

True or False

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The ecological ethic is not opposed to the killing of individual animals as long as the species is not threatened.

True or False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Post-Fordist industries are characterized by:

a. Flexibility and impermanent locations for the processes of extraction, production, and exchange
b. Preference for domestic rather than transnational corporations
c. High wages, mass production, and mass consumption
d. Vertical integration of processes such that extraction, production, and exchange are carried out by the same company in one location

Answer 10

a. Flexibility and impermanent locations for the processes of extraction, production, and exchange

Question 11

The accidental harvest of non-targeted marine species is called what?

a. bycatch
b. tough luck
c. scores
d. byproducts

Answer 11

a. bycatch

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about the tuna industry?

a. Tuna often migrate over 6000 miles per season.
b. Tuna used to be considered unfit for humans and used in pet foods instead.
c. Prices for tuna have exceeded $700/lb.
d. Annual catches number in the trillion of pounds per year.

Answer 12

b. Tuna used to be considered unfit for humans and used in pet foods instead.

Question 13

An exclusive economic zone allows a country to:

a. Decide whether foreign fishers can sell their product in certain locations within the country.
b. Decide whether foreign fishers may fish within 200 nautical miles of the country’s coastline.
c. Decide where foreign-owned canning factories may be located.
d. Claim ownership and control of fish stocks in distant parts of the ocean.

Answer 13

b. Decide whether foreign fishers may fish within 200 nautical miles of the country’s coastline.

Question 14

The MMPA has actually resulted in an increase in dolphin mortality.

True or False

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Which type of fishing method uses up to 60 miles of fishing line that is dragged behind a ship with thousands of hooks?

a. tuna ranching
b. pole and line fishing
c. long-line fishing
d. purse-seine fishing

Answer 15

c. long-line fishing

Question 16

The ethic that promotes that well-being of individual animal rather than a species is the:

a. animal rights ethics
b. ecological ethic
c. utilitarian ethic
d. ecocentric ethic

Answer 16

a. animal rights ethics

Question 17

There have been many positive strides for dolphin rights through labeling efforts. Unfortunately, the gains have accompanied ecological defeats which include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. Switch to log-setting that has decreased dolphin kills, but has increased the bycatch kills of other marine species.
b. Has moved fisheries into other locations of the ocean, like the WTP, which has lead to exploitation in that area.
c. The unintentional increase of dolphin kills as fishers use even more dangerous methods to maximize tuna catches.
d. A victory for dolphins, but unsustainable harvest of tuna continues.

Answer 17

c. The unintentional increase of dolphin kills as fishers use even more dangerous methods to maximize tuna catches.

Question 18

The fact that the vast majority of consumers care more about the welfare of dolphins over tuna is true for all of the following socially constructed reasons, EXCEPT:

a. Social construction projects the notion that fish are just food.
b. Social construction has been influenced by popular shows like “Flipper” that showed dolphins as friends of humans.
c. Social construction has painted dolphins as charismatic, similar to humans.
d. Social construction has painted fish as vicious creatures that deserve to be killed.

Answer 18

d. Social construction has painted fish as vicious creatures that deserve to be killed.

Question 19

The puzzle of tuna includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. Tuna is readily available on the market, despite declining populations.
b. Insatiable demand for tuna can only be met because tuna has an infinite resource base.
c. Their fate is tied into global geopolitical decisions.
d. Tuna are too valuable for their own good.

Answer 19

b. Insatiable demand for tuna can only be met because tuna has an infinite resource base.

Question 20

Which statement about green certification is TRUE?

a. Green certification is available to anyone who practices sustainable methods of production.
b. Green certification standards are the same everywhere.
c. Green certification does not prevent environmental degradation.
d. Green certification ensures the practice of sustainable production methods.

Answer 20

c. Green certification does not prevent environmental degradation.

Question 21

Which type of fishing method has been most blamed for the unintentional death of dolphins?

a. purse-seine fishing
b. tuna ranching
c. pole and line fishing
d. long-line fishing

Answer 21

a. purse-seine fishing

Question 22

The yellowfin tuna industry is an example of _______ because its own success undermines the resource base upon which it depends.

a. the second contradiction of capitalism
b. the first contradiction of capitalism
c. post-fordism
d. fordism

Answer 22

a. the second contradiction of capitalism

Question 23

All of the following are true of locating yellowfin tuna by the presence of dolphins, EXCEPT:

a. Traditionally, this involved the use of the purse-seine method
b. This method can only be used in the ETP
c. In the past, this method resulted in the deaths of up to 550,000 dolphins a year
d. This method is called “dolphin-baiting”

Answer 23

d. This method is called “dolphin-baiting”

Question 24

Bluefin tuna are not the only overfished species in the ocean. This fish was officially closed off from commercial fishing in 1992 and has yet to show signs of rebounding:

a. Atlantic halibut
b. Grouper
c. Chilean sea bass
d. Atlantic cod

Answer 24

d. atlantic cod

Question 25

Which type of fishing method is responsible for the death of over 100,000 albatrosses each year?

a. tuna ranches
b. long-line fishing
c. pole and line fishing
d. purse-seine fishing

Answer 25

b. long-line fishing

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of green consumerism as related to tuna and dolphins?

a. Switching to salmon instead of tuna as the protein of choice for sushi
b. Passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA)
c. Development of Medina panels
d. Dolphin-safe labels on tuna products

Answer 26

d. Dolphin-safe labels on tuna products

Question 27

Which type of fishing method involves capturing and rearing young wild tuna for human consumption?

a. purse-seine fishing
b. tuna ranching
c. pole and line fishing
d. long-line fishing

Answer 27

b. tuna ranching

Question 28

All of the following are true about the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), EXCEPT:

a. Prohibits the killing or sale of marine mammals.
b. Mandates a reduction in dolphin mortality to zero over time.
c. Allows for the intentional death of dolphins as long as their populations remain above sustainable levels.
d. Mandates that tuna fisheries be managed for “optimum sustained populations”.

Answer 28

c. Allows for the intentional death of dolphins as long as their populations remain above sustainable levels.

Question 29

In the tuna industry, improvements in the means of production led to degradation of the conditions of production.

True or False

Answer 29

True

Question 30

The consumer boycott and dolphin-safe tuna labeling effectively led to the sustainable harvest of tuna.

True or False

Answer 30

False