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Foundations of Public Health > Ch. 12 PH Institutions and Systems > Flashcards

Ch. 12 PH Institutions and Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Goals and Services of Governmental Public Health Agencies:

A
  • To prevent epidemics and the spread of disease
  • To protect against environmental hazards
  • To prevent injuries
  • To promote and encourage healthy behaviors

-To respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery

-To ensure the quality and accessibility of health services

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2
Q

what are the core public health functions

A
  1. Assessment
  2. Policy Development
  3. Assurance
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3
Q

Obtaining data that defines the health of the overall population and specific groups

A

Assessment

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4
Q

Developing evidence-based recommendations and other analyses of options to guide implementation

A

Policy Development

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5
Q

Ensuring key components of an effective health system

A

Assurance

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6
Q

10 Essential Public Health Services

A
  1. Monitor health status to identify and solve
    community health problems
  2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
  3. Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
  4. Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve problems
  5. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
  6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
  7. Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the provision of health care when otherwise available
  8. Ensure the provision of a competent public and personal healthcare workforce
  9. Evaluate the effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
  10. Research new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
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7
Q

which Public Health Services are in assessments

A
  • Monitor health status to identify and solve
    community health problems
  • Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
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8
Q

which Public Health Services are in policy development

A
  • Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
  • Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve problems
  • Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
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9
Q

which Public Health Services are in Assurance

A
  • Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
  • Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the provision of health care when otherwise available
  • Ensure the provision of a competent public and personal healthcare workforce
  • Evaluate the effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
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10
Q

what are the two local Health Department Models?

A

Home Rule/ Local Autonomy Model

Branch Office Model

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11
Q

Authority granted to local jurisdictions, e.g., cities or counties, by state constitutions or legislative actions

A

Home Rule/ Local Autonomy Model

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12
Q

Local government has autonomy in setting its own structure and function and often raising its own funding

A

Home Rule/ Local Autonomy Model

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13
Q

Local health department is viewed as a branch office of the state agency with little or no independent authority or funding

A

Branch Office Model

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14
Q

what are the Local Health Departments Responsibilities?

A
  • Immunizations for those not covered by the private system
  • Communicable disease surveillance and initial investigation of outbreaks
  • Communicable disease control, often including tuberculosis and syphilis case finding and treatment
  • Inspection and licensing of restaurants
  • Environmental health surveillance
  • Coordination of health screening and tobacco control programs
  • Preparedness and response to public health disasters
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15
Q

Health departments throughout the U.S. have provided healthcare to those without other sources of care how?

A

Local Health Department’s Safety Net

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16
Q

what are the State Health Departments Responsibilities?

A
  • Collecting vital statistics
  • Running public health laboratories
  • Licensing health professionals
  • Administering nutrition programs
  • Regulating health facilities, such as nursing homes
  • Regulating drinking water
  • Administering statewide Medicaid programs
  • Overseeing state medical examiner offices
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17
Q

IMPORTANT

The lead agency for prevention, health data, epidemic investigation, and public health measures aimed at disease control and prevention

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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18
Q

which works with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to provide guidance on health hazards of toxic exposures

A

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

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19
Q

what does the CDC administer?

A

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)

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20
Q

work extensively with state and local health departments

A

The CDC and ATSDR

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21
Q

functions domestically and internationally at the request of governments

A

The CDC’s Epidemiology Intelligence Service (EIS)

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22
Q

Lead research agency; also funds training programs and communication of health information to professionals and the public

A

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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23
Q

Consists of 27 centers and institutes e.g., the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and the National Library of Medicine (PubMed)

A

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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24
Q

is the world’s largest biomedical research enterprise with intramural research and extramural research grants throughout the world

A

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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25
Q

Consumer protection agency with authority for safety and efficacy of foods, drugs, vaccines, and other medical and public health interventions

A

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

26
Q

Divisions responsible for food safety, medical devices, drug efficacy and safety pre- and post- approval color additives, electronic product that emits radiation

A

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

27
Q

are over the counter vitamins or dietary supplements regulated by the fda

A

no

28
Q

are cosmetics regulated by the fda

A

no

but if there is dye that dye is regulated

29
Q

Seeks to ensure equitable access to comprehensive quality healthcare

A

Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

30
Q

Funds community health centers, HIV/AIDS services, and scholarships for health professional students

A

Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

31
Q

Oversees research to improve the outcomes and quality of healthcare, including patient safety and access to services

A

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

32
Q

Supports U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, evidence-based medicine research, and Guidelines Clearinghouse

A

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

33
Q

Works to improve quality and availability of prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation for substance abuse and mental illness

A

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

34
Q

Research, data collection, and funding of local services

A

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

35
Q

Provides direct healthcare and public health services to federally recognized tribes

A

Indian Health Service (IHS)

36
Q

Services provided to 550 federally recognized tribes in 35 states

Comprehensive federal responsibility for healthcare and public health services

A

Indian Health Service (IHS)

37
Q

Other Agencies Involved in Health Issues

A

United States Environmental Protection Agency

USDA

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

Osha

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

U.S. Department of Energy

38
Q

United Nations organization

A

World Health Organization

39
Q

Seven “regional” semi-independent components, e.g., Pan American Health Organization, which covers North and South America

A

World Health Organization

40
Q

Policy development, e.g., tobacco treaty and epidemic control policies

A

World Health Organization

41
Q

Coordination of services, e.g., vaccine development

A

World Health Organization

42
Q

Data collection and standardization, e.g., measures of healthcare quality and health status

A

World Health Organization

43
Q

limitations of World Health Organization

A

Limited ability
to enforce recommendations, limited funding, and complex international administration

44
Q

Focused on childhood development and rights

A

unicef

45
Q

Focused on HIV/AIDS

A

unaids

46
Q

limitations of unicef and unaids

A

Limited agendas and limited financing

47
Q

other United Nations agencies

A

unicef and unaids

48
Q

International financing organizations

A

The World Bank

49
Q

Other multilateral regional banks, e.g., InterAmerican and Asian Development Banks

A

The World Bank

50
Q

Funds projects supporting “human capital”, reform of healthcare delivery systems, and other population health initiatives

A

The World Bank

51
Q

Provides funding and technical assistance primarily as loans

A

The World Bank

52
Q

limitations of the World Bank

A

Criticized for standardized approach with few local modifications

53
Q

Bilateral governmental aid organizations

A

USAID from the American People

54
Q

Focused on specific health issues e.g., HIV/AIDS and maternal and child health

A

USAID from the American People

55
Q

limitations of USAID from the American People

A

Can be tied to domestic politics and global economic, political, or military agendas

56
Q

Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)

A
  • Private groups, also called nonprofits
  • Advocate for public health causes
  • Deliver public health services
  • Develop and support public health education and research
57
Q

Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)

A

American Red Cross
American Cancer Society
March of Dimes
American Heart Association
The Global Fund
American Diabetes Association
The Rockefeller Foundation
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Madd No More Victims
Medecins Sans Frontieres

58
Q

The Five Community-Oriented Primary Care (COPC) Principles

A
  1. Local Health and institutional analysis
  2. Comprehension Care
  3. Equity
  4. Practice with science
  5. Service integration around users
59
Q

what are the Community-Oriented Primary Care (COPC) steps

A
  1. Community Definition
  2. Community Characterization
  3. Prioritization
  4. Detailed Assessment
  5. Intervention
  6. Evaluation
60
Q

Research in which community members are involved in all phases of the research process, contributing their expertise while sharing ownership and responsibility over the research

A

Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR)

61
Q

An effort by health agencies to reach out to communities and the healthcare system to address specific concerns; involves coordination of public and private efforts

A

Community-Oriented Public Health (COPH)

Foundations of Public Health (9 decks)

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