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Foundations of Public Health > Ch. 1: PH: The Population Health Approach > Flashcards

Ch. 1: PH: The Population Health Approach Flashcards

1
Q

works to protect and improve the health of communities

A

Public Health

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2
Q

21st century definition of public health

A

The totality of all evidence-based public and private efforts throughout the life cycle that preserve and promote health and prevent disease, disability, and death

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3
Q

what public health uses to improve health

A

policy recommendations,

health education and outreach,

research for disease detection and injury prevention.

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4
Q

persons at a higher-than-average risk of disease and/or bad outcomes of disease, either directly or through the healthcare system

A

Vulnerable populations

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5
Q

what were the changes of populations

A

Health Protection
Hygiène Movement
Contagion Control
Health Promotion /Disease Prevention
Population Health

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6
Q

what were the years of Health Protection

A

(Antiquity—1830s)

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7
Q

what were the years of the Hygiène Movement

A

(1840 - 1870s)

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8
Q

what were the years of Contagion Control

A

(1880 - 1940s)

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9
Q

what were the years of Health Promotion/Disease Prevention

A

(Mid 1980s- 2000)

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10
Q

what were the years of Population Health

A

(2000s)

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11
Q

Religious and cultural practices are banned
Quarantines
No sex to reduce diseases spread
Dietary restrictions

A

Health Protection

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12
Q
  • Made Sanitary conditions

-Looked at social conditions for reasons as to why there were diseases spreading

-Helped community as a whole

-looked at stats

-social justice

-John Snow

A

Hygiène Movement

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13
Q

a philosophy that aims to provide fair treatment and fair share of reward of the rewards of society to individual and groups

A

social justice

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14
Q

(Father of Epidemiology)

A

John Snow

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15
Q
  • Germ Theory

-Linkage of epidemiology, bacteriology, and immunology to form tuberculosis (TB) sanatoriums

-American Public Health Association (APHA) formed in 1872

  • Ignaz Semmelweis

-Penicillin

-Randomized controlled trials

-Surgeon General reports on cigarette smoking

  • Framingham Heart study on cardiovascular risks

-Successful passage of Medicaid and Medicare

A

Contagion Control

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16
Q

demonstration of infectious origins of disease

A

germ theory

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17
Q
  • Framingham Heart study on cardiovascular risks

-Focus on vulnerable and general populations

-AIDS epidemic

-Reductions in coronary heart disease

-Environmental movement

A

Health Promotion/Disease Prevention

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18
Q

ozone layer, reduction in air pollution

A

Environmental movement

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19
Q
  • tries to coordinate public health and healthcare delivery

-Global collaboration

-Tobacco control, Antibiotic resistance, climate change

-Full life cycle approach

-One Health

A

Population Health

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20
Q

focusing on improving community health

A

Full life cycle approach

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21
Q

focuses on the connection between human health, animal health, and ecosystem health

A

One Health

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22
Q

about improving community health

A

Population Health

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23
Q

Population Health stresses collaboration among what?

A
  1. Traditional Public
    Health Professions
  2. Healthcare Delivery Professional
  3. Professions that affect health
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24
Q

the single most important factor influencing the causes of death and disability

A

age

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25
Q

What Population Health is Measured by

A

-Life Expectancy

-Infant Mortality

-Death Rates

-Quality of Life

-Self- assessed Health

-Happiness and well-being

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26
Q

Factors Impacting Population Health

A
  • Income inequality
  • Political, economic and social status
  • Gender
  • Race
  • Education
  • Social capital/social cohesion (i.e., do people participate in their community?)
  • Psychosocial relationships
  • Access to food, clean water, shelter and a safe environment
  • Poverty
27
Q

full range of strategies designed to protect health and prevent disease, disability, and death.

A

Interventions

28
Q

what are the interventions used in population health

A

Nutrition
Vaccination
Antibiotics
Cancer Surgery
Physical Therapy

29
Q

Focuses on those with the highest probability of developing disease and aims

A

Focusing on the Vulnerable Group

30
Q

include a wide range of exposures, from cigarette smoke and other toxic substances to high-risk sexual behaviors

A

risk factors

31
Q

Focuses on the entire population and aims to reduce the risk for everyone

A

Focusing on the Average

32
Q

IMPORTANT

Four Components of Population Health

A
  • Health Issues
  • Population
  • Society’s shared health concerns
  • Society’s vulnerable groups
33
Q

Approaches Available to Protect and Promote Health

A
  • Healthcare
  • Traditional Public Health
  • Social Interventions
34
Q

can be thought of as immediate causes of disease

A

Contributory causes

35
Q

underlying factors, or “causes of causes” that ultimately bring about disease

A

Determinants

36
Q

Determinants of Disease (Big Gems)

A

Behavior
Infections
Genetics
Geography
Environment
Medical care
Socioeconomic- cultural

37
Q

Implies that as social and economic development occurs.

A

Epidemiological Transition

38
Q

countries move from poorly balanced diets consisting of nutrients, proteins, and calories to diets of highly processed foods.

A

Nutritional Transition

39
Q

Public Health Policy Issues to Watch in 2023

A

Immunization
Reproductive Health
Overdoes Prevention
Public Health Agency Workforce and Authority
Mental Health
Data Privacy and Modernization
Health Equity
HIV
Environmental Health
Tobacco/ Nicotine

40
Q

one of the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death

A

Tobacco/ Nicotine

41
Q

Topics and Issues of the American Public Health Association (APHA)

A

https://www.apha.org/topics-and-issues

42
Q

Leading Cause of Death 2021 (CDC)

A

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm
Heart disease: 695,547
Cancer: 605,213
COVID-19: 416,893
Accidents (unintentional injuries): 224,935
Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): 162,890
Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 142,342
Alzheimer’s disease: 119,399
Diabetes: 103,294
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis : 56,585
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis: 54,358

43
Q

10 Greatest Public Health Concerns in U.S. Cities

A

(1) Property
(2) Contamination of Water Sources
(3) Anti-Vaxxers, Communicable Disease, and Education
(4) Epidemics and Pandemics, Infectious Diseases
(5) Alcoholism and Related Health Complications
(6) Inadequate Nutrition, Obesity, and Food Deserts
(7) Climate Change
(8) Trauma
(9) Coronary Artery Disease, High Cholesterol, and Hypertension
(10) Gun Violence

44
Q

Another layer of misery: Women in Gaza struggle to find menstrual pads, running water

A

https://www.npr.org/sections/health/

45
Q

How APHA Executive Director Georges
Benjamin, MD chose public health

A

https://nsu.instructure.com/courses/2525345/files/147683936?module_item_id=45091052

46
Q

Framingham Heart Study (FHS)

A

The FHS had over 14,000 people from three generations, including the original participants, their children, and their grandchildren.
FHS findings have informed the understanding of how cardiovascular health affects the rest of the body.
The study found high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol to be major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
In the past half-century, the study has produced approximately 3,000 articles in leading medical journals.
Data resources from the study are available for researchers to use, and those data continue to spur new scientific discoveries.

47
Q

IMPORTANT

Ten Global Public Health Priorities

A
  • Healthcare Systems
  • Mental Health Crisis
  • Reproductive and Sexual Health
  • Malnutrition and Food
    Safety
  • Diabetes
  • Cancer
  • Environmental
  • Pollution
  • Substance Abuse
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Climate Change
48
Q

are critical for promoting population health and positively impacting Sustainable
Development Goals

A

Health System

49
Q

at least what % of the world’s population does
not have access to essential healthcare service

A

50%

50
Q

is essential for improving system’s capacity to withstand crises by empowering
local community to safeguard public health (surveillance, rapid response

A

primary healthcare

51
Q

is critical for improving public health functions to address public health emergencies and early identification for individuals needing critical car

A

primary healthcare

52
Q

A lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is the decline in what?

A

mental health

53
Q

Pandemic triggered a what % increase in the global prevalence of anxiety and depression.

A

25%

54
Q

what should be
utilized to mitigate substance abuse

A
  • Educational programs
    -recovery support
  • exercise
    -nutrition-based intervention
55
Q

influence the spread of infectious diseases, affecting access to healthcare,
sanitation, and nutrition

A

SES and inequity

56
Q

remains a significant threat among children

A

malnutrition

57
Q

what fraction of people become ill from contaminated food every year

A

1/10

58
Q

The ingestion of microplastics and plasticizers (polymer added to increase flexibility) in humans may be
associated with

A

infertility, obesity, endocrine dysfunctions, and malignancy.

59
Q

is a leading cause of death worldwide

A

cancer

60
Q

The factors contributing to cancer-related DALYs are

A

age
tobacco
alcohol
dietary risks
environmental
pollution
obesity
occupational risk

61
Q

Climate change results in what?

A

more frequent and severe environmental disasters

62
Q

associated with greater risks of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reduced access to
quality food and nutrition, and a higher risk of mortality

A

heat waves

63
Q

is a serious and potentially debilitating condition with costly complications to individuals, families, healthcare systems,
and national economies

A

diabetes

Foundations of Public Health (9 decks)

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