Ch 12-Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Question 1

Discuss the importance and results of cell division

Answer 1

• Prokaryotes
  
  • reproduction
• Eukaryotes
  
  • growth and development
  • Repair and replacement of cells
  • reproduction
• Results in two daughter cells with identical genetic information, DNA
  
  • Mitosis
• Produce sperm and egg cells
  
  • Meiosis

Question 2

Describe genome

Answer 2

The complete genetic material in a cell or organism

Question 3

Distinguish between chromosomes and genes

Answer 3

• Chromosome
  
  • Consist of DNA and Protein
  • When in the form of long, thin fibers-Chromatin
• Gene
  
  • Specific part of the chromosomes

Question 4

Describe the three stages of interphase

Answer 4

• G1 phase (first gap)
  
  • Growth, increase in cytoplasm
• S phasse (synthesis)
  
  • Chromosome duplicates
  • Growth
• G2 phase (second gap)
  
  • growth, preparation for division

Question 5

Describe different types of eukaryotic cells

Answer 5

• Somatic cell
  
  • nonreproductive cells
  • has two sets of chromosomes = 2n
  • Diploid
• Gametes
  
  • Reproductive cells
  • half as many chromosomes as somatic cells = n
  • Haploid

Question 6

Explain diffeerent phases of cell cycle

Answer 6

• Interphase
  
  • cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell divison
• Mitotic (M) phase
  
  • Mitosis
  • Cytokinesis

Question 7

Explain the distribution of chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division

Answer 7

• Dna is replicated
• Chromosome condense
• two sister chromatids form
  
  • joined copied of the original chromosome
  • chromatids closely joined at centromere
• two sister chromatids separate
• Move into two nuclei

Question 8

Discuss the behavior of chromosomes during mitosis

Answer 8

• Division of the nucleus
• nucleus and its contents divide and evenly distributed into two daughter nuclei

Question 9

Explain how the cytoplasmic content is divided during cytokinesis

Answer 9

• Division of cytoplasm
• daughter cells separate completely
• differs in animal and plant cells

Question 10

Distinguish between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells

Answer 10

• Plant
  
  • Cell plate grows outward and joins the cell wall forming two daughter cells
• Animal
  
  • Starts with formation of cleavage furrow, furrow deepens and eventually pinches the cell into two