Ch 1-Themes Of Biology & Scientific Inquiry

Question 1

Properties of life

Answer 1

• Order (exhibit complex organization)
• Regulation (maintain internal environment)(temp by metabolism)
• Evolutionary Adaptation (happens slowly over time)(best suit organism to its environment)
• Growth & Development (controlled by DNA)
• Energy processing (get energy and transform it to a useful form)
• Response to the environment (respond to environmental stimuli)
• Reproduction (have babies)

Question 2

Unifying themes of life

(Organization)

Answer 2

Question 3

Living things

Answer 3

• They possess life
• They can give birth
• Depend on food, air, water
• Are sensitive & respond to stimuli
• Growth & Development
• Ex: humans, animals, plants, insects

Question 4

Non-living things

Answer 4

• No life
• No babies
• Do not depend on water, food, air
• Not sensitive & no response to stimuli
• No growth & Development
• Ex: rock, pen, buildings.

Question 5

Unifying themes of life

(Information)

Answer 5

The expression & transmission of genetic information which is stored in the form of DNA in the chromosome transferred from parent to child.

Question 6

Unifying themes of life

(Energy & Matter)

Answer 6

The Transfer & Transformation of energy & matter

Energy tansformed from one source to another

Producer-generate chemical energy

Consumers-feed on other organisms

Question 7

Unifying themes of life

(Interactions)

Answer 7

From molecules to ecosytem, important in biological systems

ex: each organism interacts with other organisms and the environment.

Question 8

Unifying themes of life

(Evolution)

Answer 8

accounts of the unity and diversity of life

living organisms are modified desecendants of common ancestors

Question 9

Levels of biological organization

(The Biosphere)

Answer 9

• Consists of all the environments on earth that support life
• everything is included in the biosphere

Question 10

Levels of biological organization

(Ecosystems)

Answer 10

• Consists of all living things along with non-living environmental components
• Includes all living things and non living things
• ex: north american mountain meadow

Question 11

Levels of biological organization

(Communities)

Answer 11

• all the living organisms in a particular ecosystem
• Only living organisms
• Ex: All organisms in meadow ecosystem

Question 12

Levels of biological organization

(Populations)

Answer 12

• Consists of all the individuals of a species living within the specific area
• Specific species & Spacific area
• Ex: group of flowers

Question 13

levels of biological organization

(Organisms)

Answer 13

• An individual living things
• Ex: each plant or animal

Question 14

Levels of biological organization

(Organs)

Answer 14

• Provide specific functions for the organism
• Leaf, stem, root
• organs combine they make an organism

Question 15

Levels of biological organization

(Tissues)

Answer 15

• Made of groups of similar cells
• Tissues combine to make organs
• Ex: mesophyll, epidermis

Question 16

Levels of biological organization

(Cells)

Answer 16

• Basic unit of life
• plant cells
• Life starts from cell

Question 17

Levels of biological organization

(Organelles)

Answer 17

• Membrane-bound structures with specific functions
• Nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria etc.
• different organelles combine to make cells

Question 18

Levels of biological organization

(Molecules)

Answer 18

• Clusters of atoms
• Chlorophyll, Proteins, DNA etc.
• Lowest level, made up of a cluster of different atoms

Question 19

Emergent Properties

Answer 19

• Result from the arrangement & interaction of parts within a system
• New arising propertity, at each level a new property emerges
• Ex: Cities, the brain, ant colonies, complex chemical systems

Question 20

Prokaryotes

Answer 20

• small, simple, not true nucleus
• Bacteria, archaea

Question 21

Eukaryotic

Answer 21

• Membrane enclosed organelles
• Plants, animals

Question 22

DNA Structure

Answer 22

• Chains arranged in a double helix structure
• consist of four nucleotides
  
  • Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
• Difference in DNA structure = diversity of life

Question 23

Flow of energy & Chemical Cycling

Answer 23

Question 24

Interaction between living and nonliving thing in the ecosystem

Answer 24

Explain

Question 25

Unity & Diversity

Answer 25

* Unity * Two species share certain common traits * Diversity * Certain heritable changes between two species after diverging from common ancestor

Question 26

Living organism classification

Answer 26

* total number of species that actually exist * species have been identified & named to date * each species given two-part name

Question 27

Natural selection

Answer 27

Explain

Question 28

Scientific Method

Answer 28

* Observation * Question * Hypothesis * testable & falsible * Test-experiment or field study * collect data * statistical test * Results * Discussion/Conclusion

Question 29

Types of Data

Answer 29

* Qualitative data * info with color * Quantitative data * measured height & weight using statistics

Question 30

Inductive reasoning

Answer 30

* Generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations * make conclusion based on observation * Ex: the sun always rises in the east

Question 31

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 31

* Specific results are predicted from a general premise (principles) * Uses "If...Then" logic * based on a general principal you make a conclusion * Ex: If all organisms are made of cells (principle 1), & humans are organisms (principle 2), then humans are composed of cells

Question 32

Hypotheses vs Theory

Answer 32

* Hypothesis * is an educated guess: a proposed explanation for observations * must be teestable & falsiblale * Theory * Much broader than a hypothesis * Supported by a large & usually growing body of evidence

Question 33

Variable vs Control

Answer 33

* An experimental group is compared with a control group * The controlled group is the standard group * The controlled group is subjected to all the steps of the experiment except the one being tested. * The experimental groups may be composed of varying levels

Question 34

Dependent Variable

Answer 34

* Predicted to be affected in response * can not be changed out of the reasurchers control

Question 35

Independent variable

Answer 35

* Manipulated by researchers * Reasearchers can change

Question 36

Hypothesis

Answer 36

* a tentative answer to a well-framed question * leads to predictions that can be tested by observation or experimentation