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Biology 190 > Ch 1-Themes Of Biology & Scientific Inquiry > Flashcards

Ch 1-Themes Of Biology & Scientific Inquiry Flashcards

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1
Q

Properties of life

A
  • Order (exhibit complex organization)
  • Regulation (maintain internal environment)(temp by metabolism)
  • Evolutionary Adaptation (happens slowly over time)(best suit organism to its environment)
  • Growth & Development (controlled by DNA)
  • Energy processing (get energy and transform it to a useful form)
  • Response to the environment (respond to environmental stimuli)
  • Reproduction (have babies)
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2
Q

Unifying themes of life

(Organization)

A
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3
Q

Living things

A
  • They possess life
  • They can give birth
  • Depend on food, air, water
  • Are sensitive & respond to stimuli
  • Growth & Development
  • Ex: humans, animals, plants, insects
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4
Q

Non-living things

A
  • No life
  • No babies
  • Do not depend on water, food, air
  • Not sensitive & no response to stimuli
  • No growth & Development
  • Ex: rock, pen, buildings.
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5
Q

Unifying themes of life

(Information)

A

The expression & transmission of genetic information which is stored in the form of DNA in the chromosome transferred from parent to child.

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6
Q

Unifying themes of life

(Energy & Matter)

A

The Transfer & Transformation of energy & matter

Energy tansformed from one source to another

Producer-generate chemical energy

Consumers-feed on other organisms

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7
Q

Unifying themes of life

(Interactions)

A

From molecules to ecosytem, important in biological systems

ex: each organism interacts with other organisms and the environment.

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8
Q

Unifying themes of life

(Evolution)

A

accounts of the unity and diversity of life

living organisms are modified desecendants of common ancestors

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9
Q

Levels of biological organization

(The Biosphere)

A
  • Consists of all the environments on earth that support life
  • everything is included in the biosphere
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10
Q

Levels of biological organization

(Ecosystems)

A
  • Consists of all living things along with non-living environmental components
  • Includes all living things and non living things
  • ex: north american mountain meadow
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11
Q

Levels of biological organization

(Communities)

A
  • all the living organisms in a particular ecosystem
  • Only living organisms
  • Ex: All organisms in meadow ecosystem
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12
Q

Levels of biological organization

(Populations)

A
  • Consists of all the individuals of a species living within the specific area
  • Specific species & Spacific area
  • Ex: group of flowers
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13
Q

levels of biological organization

(Organisms)

A
  • An individual living things
  • Ex: each plant or animal
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14
Q

Levels of biological organization

(Organs)

A
  • Provide specific functions for the organism
  • Leaf, stem, root
  • organs combine they make an organism
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15
Q

Levels of biological organization

(Tissues)

A
  • Made of groups of similar cells
  • Tissues combine to make organs
  • Ex: mesophyll, epidermis
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16
Q

Levels of biological organization

(Cells)

A
  • Basic unit of life
  • plant cells
  • Life starts from cell
17
Q

Levels of biological organization

(Organelles)

A
  • Membrane-bound structures with specific functions
  • Nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria etc.
  • different organelles combine to make cells
18
Q

Levels of biological organization

(Molecules)

A
  • Clusters of atoms
  • Chlorophyll, Proteins, DNA etc.
  • Lowest level, made up of a cluster of different atoms
19
Q

Emergent Properties

A
  • Result from the arrangement & interaction of parts within a system
  • New arising propertity, at each level a new property emerges
  • Ex: Cities, the brain, ant colonies, complex chemical systems
20
Q

Prokaryotes

A
  • small, simple, not true nucleus
  • Bacteria, archaea
21
Q

Eukaryotic

A
  • Membrane enclosed organelles
  • Plants, animals
22
Q

DNA Structure

A
  • Chains arranged in a double helix structure
  • consist of four nucleotides
    • Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
  • Difference in DNA structure = diversity of life
23
Q

Flow of energy & Chemical Cycling

A
24
Q

Interaction between living and nonliving thing in the ecosystem

A

Explain

25
Q

Unity & Diversity

A
  • Unity
    • Two species share certain common traits
  • Diversity
    • Certain heritable changes between two species after diverging from common ancestor
26
Q

Living organism classification

A
  • total number of species that actually exist
  • species have been identified & named to date
  • each species given two-part name
27
Q

Natural selection

A

Explain

28
Q

Scientific Method

A
  • Observation
  • Question
  • Hypothesis
    • testable & falsible
  • Test-experiment or field study
    • collect data
    • statistical test
  • Results
  • Discussion/Conclusion
29
Q

Types of Data

A
  • Qualitative data
    • info with color
  • Quantitative data
    • measured height & weight using statistics
30
Q

Inductive reasoning

A
  • Generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations
  • make conclusion based on observation
  • Ex: the sun always rises in the east
31
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A
  • Specific results are predicted from a general premise (principles)
  • Uses “If…Then” logic
  • based on a general principal you make a conclusion
  • Ex: If all organisms are made of cells (principle 1), & humans are organisms (principle 2), then humans are composed of cells
32
Q

Hypotheses vs Theory

A
  • Hypothesis
    • is an educated guess: a proposed explanation for observations
    • must be teestable & falsiblale
  • Theory
    • Much broader than a hypothesis
    • Supported by a large & usually growing body of evidence
33
Q

Variable vs Control

A
  • An experimental group is compared with a control group
  • The controlled group is the standard group
  • The controlled group is subjected to all the steps of the experiment except the one being tested.
  • The experimental groups may be composed of varying levels
34
Q

Dependent Variable

A
  • Predicted to be affected in response
  • can not be changed out of the reasurchers control
35
Q

Independent variable

A
  • Manipulated by researchers
  • Reasearchers can change
36
Q

Hypothesis

A
  • a tentative answer to a well-framed question
  • leads to predictions that can be tested by observation or experimentation

Biology 190 (12 decks)

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