ch 11.1 + 11.2 - physical eprceptions of sound, complex tones + thresholds/loudnesss

Question 1

sound wave

Answer 1

pattern of pressure changes in a medium

Question 2

physical definition of sound

Answer 2

sound is pressure changes in the air or other mediums

Question 3

perceptual definition of sound

Answer 3

sound is the EXPERIENCE we have when we hear

Question 4

pure tones

Answer 4

a tone with pressure changes that can be described by a single sine wave (ex: person whistling)

Question 5

a pure tone can be described by noting its?

Answer 5

frequency and amplitude

Question 6

frequency

Answer 6

the number of cycles per second that the pressure changes repeat

Question 7

amplitude

Answer 7

the size of the pressure change

Question 8

hertz

Answer 8

the unit for designating the frequency of a tone (1 hertz = 1 cycle per second)

Question 9

decibel

Answer 9

aunit of measuring sound intensity/loudness

Question 10

sound level

Answer 10

the pressure of a sound stimulus expressed in decibels

Question 11

periodic waveform

Answer 11

a pattern of repeating pressure changes

Question 12

fundamental frequency

Answer 12

first harmonic of a complex tone

Question 13

harmonic

Answer 13

component of a complex tone that has frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency

Question 14

higher harmonics

Answer 14

pure tones with frequencies that are whole number (2,3,4) multiples of the fundamental frequency

Question 15

loudness

Answer 15

quality of sound, ranging from soft to loud
relates to the level or amplitude

Question 16

audibility curve

Answer 16

plot that indicates the sound pressure level (SPL) at different thresholds

Question 17

auditory response area

Answer 17

area that defines the frequencies and sound pressure levels over which hearing functions

Question 18

pitch

Answer 18

quality of sound ranging from low to high. associated w/ the frequency of a tone

Question 19

tone height

Answer 19

increase in pitch that happens when frequency is increased

Question 20

tone chroma

Answer 20

perceptual similarity of notes separated by one or more octaves

Question 21

timbre

Answer 21

quality that distinguishes between two tones that sound different even though they have the same loudness and pitch

Question 22

resonance

Answer 22

mechanism that enhances the intensity of frequencies due to reflection of sound waves in a closed tube

Question 23

attack

Answer 23

the build-up of sound energy that occurs at the beginning of a tone

Question 24

decay

Answer 24

the decrease in the sound at the end of a tone

Question 25

periodic sounds

Answer 25

a sound stimulus in which the pattern of pressure changes (ex: pure tones, tones from instruments)

Question 26

condensation

Answer 26

pushing air molecules together

Question 27

rarefaction

Answer 27

pulling air molecules apart

Question 28

additive synthesis

Answer 28

adding harmonics to create complex sounds

Question 29

frequency spectrum

Answer 29

display of harmonics of a complex sound