Ch 11 Nerves

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

Regulates Homeostasis along with the endocrine system

Question 2

Central nervous system

Answer 2

The brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous system

Answer 3

Made up of Nerves ( most numerous organs of the nervous system)

Question 4

Nerves

Answer 4

Organs that Carry signals to and from the central nervous system

Consists of a bundle of axons packaged together with blood vessels surrounded by a connective tissue sheath

Question 5

Cranial nerves

Answer 5

Those nerves which originate or travel to the brain

12 pair

Question 6

Spinal nerves

Answer 6

Those originating from or traveling to the spinal cord

31 pair

Question 7

Sensory functions

Answer 7

Gathering info about internal and external environment

Gathered by the afferent ( sensory) division of the PNS

Question 8

Integrative function

Answer 8

Analyze and interpret incoming sensory information and determine an appropriate response

Performed exclusively by the CNS ( mostly the brain) which disregards about 99 percent of the info it gathers subconsciously

Question 9

Motor Functions

Answer 9

The actions performed in response to integration

Performed by efferent division of PNS

Question 10

PNS sensory division

Answer 10

Somatic sensory division- neurons that carry signals from skeletal miscles, bones, joints, and skin to the spinal cord or brain by way of PNS to the CNS

Visceral sensory division- neurons that transmit signals from viscera such as heart, lungs, stomach, intestines ect…by way of spinal or cranial nerves of the PNS to the CNS

Question 11

PNS motor division

Answer 11

Somatic Motor Division (also called the voluntary motor division)- neurons that transmit signals to skeletal muscle

Autonomic Nervous System- consists of neurons that carry signals to thoracic and abdominal viscera. Regulates secretions from glands, contraction of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

Question 12

Effectors

Answer 12

Organs that carry out the effects of the nervous system

Question 13

Classes if neurotransmitters

Answer 13

Small Molecule Neurotransmitters-

Amino acid transmitters-
glutamate
GABA ( inhibitory)
Glycine

Biogenic amines- 
Dopamines
Norrpinepherine
Epinepherin
Serotonin
Histamine

Purigenic- ATP and adenosine

Acetylcholine

Or- neuropeptides which are each made up of three or more amino acids and are larger than small molecule transmitters

Question 14

Hyperpolarization

Answer 14

When membrane potential becomes more negative

Question 15

Depolarization

Answer 15

When membrane potential becomes less negative

Question 16

Absolute refractory period

Answer 16

Period from initiation of action potential to immediately after peak where another stimulus given to the neuron will ABSOLUTELY NOT lead to a second action potential

Question 17

Relative Refractory period

Answer 17

Period of time where stronger than normal stimulus is required to produce an action potential

Question 18

Rigor mortis

Answer 18

After death muscle spasms occur over the whole body about 3-4 hours after death
Pumps that drive calcium ions back into sarcoplasmic reticulum no longer have ATP to fuel them so calcium ions stay in the cytosole and bind with troponin and initiate muscle contraction. Myesin heads cannot detach from actin because there is no ATP