Ch. 11 Fetal Abdomen and Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Which plane is most optimal when imaging the fetal diaphragm
Coronal
T or F, the Left lobe of the fetal liver is larger than the right lobe in the normal fetus
T
Around what gestational age should midgut herniation return back into the fetal abdomen
By the 12th week
Relatively small defect involving all three layers of the abd wall which allows protrusion of the intestines into the amniotic cavity
Gastroschisis
On which side of the umbilical cord insertion does gastroschisis usually occur
TO THE RIDE OF THE UMBILICAL CORD
T or F, gastroschisis is covered by a membranous sac
FALSE. It is NOT covered by a sac
T or F, gastroschisis is associated with anomalies and an increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities
FALSE. It is NOT associated with anomalies or chromosomal abnormalities
What has gastro been linked to
Recreational drugs such as aspirin or acetaminophen
Results from the failure of the intestines to return to the abd during the second stage of intestinal rotation
Omphalocele - the defect is covered by a membrane which is a layer of amnion and peritoneum
What complications could arise from delivery of a fetus with an omphalocele
Rupture of the sac during vaginal delivery may cause sepsis
What type of defects and trisomies are associated with omphaloceles
Cardiac defects, Trisomy 13 and 18 aka Patau syndrome and Edwards syndrome
Omphaloceles containing —– have a greater risk of associated chromosomal abnormalities
Bowel only
Omphaloceles are contiguous with the
umbilical cord
A midline defect which involves the lower abd wall as well as the anterior wall of the urinary bladder
Bladder exstrophy
Sono finds of bladder exstrophy
Nonidentifiable bladder over 30 min of scanning but normal AFI, possible soft tissue protrusion from lower abd wall, separation of pubic bones (diastasis), microphallus in the male fetus
Defect in which there is a discontinuity of the esophagus
Esophageal atresia
90% of esophageal atresia cases are accompanied by a
distal tracheo- esophageal fistula
Sono finds of esophageal atresia
Small to absent fetal stomach, associated polyhydramnios, not ALWAYS able to detect with US depending on whether or not a TE fistula is present
The most common perinatal intestinal obstruction, associated with cardiac and vertebral anomalies. 31% of infants with this defect are born with what trisomy
Duodenal atresia, Trisomy 21
Sono finds of duodenal atresia
“DOUBLE BUBBLE SIGN” - dilated stomach and proximal duodenum.
POLYhydramnios
may not become apparent until after 24 weeks
Obstruction of the intestine with subsequent distention of bowel loops, may occur anywhere along the intestinal tract or at the level of the anus
Intestinal atresia
Sono finds of Intestinal atresia
multiple fluid-filledsmall bowel internal diameter > 7 mm, POLYhydramnios
Sterile chemical peritonitis caused by small bowel perforation in utero. Cystic fibrosis is thought to be the etiology of this condition
meconium peritonitis
How should you properly determine hyperechoic bowel
turn off harmonic imaging
use low freq
lower gain to see if bowel or bone disappears first
List common etiologies for hyperechoic bowel
normal variant
TRISOMY 21
CMV infection
Cystic fibrosis
swallowed intra-amniotic blood (rare)
Fetal ascites is most commonly associated with what other condition
Hydrops fetalis
When the umbilical vein courses toward the left side of the fetal abd. the UV is actually entering the RT portal vein rather than the Lt portal vein
Persistent right umbilical vein
