Ch. 1 Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
In adults, the pelvic skeleton is composed of which bones?
Sacrum, coccyx, two innominate bones ( os coxae )
The innominate bones consist of the…
Fused ilium, ischium, and pubis
What divides the pelvic cavity into two regions?
Linea terminalis
Which pelvis is located above the linea terminalis?
False or greater pelvis
In a nongravid patient, where are the uterus, ovaries, and adnexa situated?
In the true pelvis
Type of ligament that connects pelvic bones together
Osseous ligament
Type of ligament that supports the uterus and ovaries
Suspensory ligament
A suspensory ligament that connects the uterus at the level of the cervix to provide support for the uterus and cervix
Cardinal (lateral cervical)
A type of suspensory ligament that extends from the lateral aspects of the uterus and attach to the lateral pelvic side wall
Broad ligament
Suspensory ligament that attaches the uterine cornu to the anterior pelvic wall, grows with pregnancy
Round ligament 
Suspensory ligament that attaches the ovary to the posterior layer of the broad ligament on each side
Mesovarium ligament
When are pelvic ligaments typically seen on ultrasound ?
In the presence of ascites 
Muscle responsible for the refraction or ghosting artifact that is occasionally seen while imaging the midline pelvis in a transverse plane
Rectus abdominis muscle
Which muscle is most likely to be mistaken for an ovary on ultrasound?
Iliopsoas muscle
Which two muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm or the pelvic floor?
Coccygeus and levator ani muscles
Where do the ureters insert the bladder? 
At the trigone. Inferior posterior portion. 
Typical length of the vagina is 
7-10 cm
Mucosal folds within the bladder are called
Rugae 
List the vaginal fornices 
Anterior fornix, posterior fornix, two lateral fornices 
Which vaginal fornix is a frequent site for fluid collections due to gravity dependence
Posterior fornix
When is a bladder considered adequately full for a trans abdominal pelvic ultrasound
When the dome or superior portion of the bladder extends above the uterine fundus
What is the name for the main portion of the uterus
Body or corpus
Which portion of the uterus grows at the most rapid rate during pregnancy
The Isthmus 
What portion of the uterus provides an alkaline secretion favorable for sperm penetration
The cervix
What layer of the uterus is the outer serosal layer
The Perimetrium 
Portion of the uterus that is composed of three layers of smooth muscle that contract during childbirth
Myometrium
Inner mucus layer of the uterus
Endometrium
Forward placement of the uterus at the cervix forming a 90° angle with the vagina
Anteverted uterus
Tilting backward of the uterus at the cervix or oriented more linearly in relationship to the vagina
Retroverted uterus
Bending forward of the uterus at the body
Anteflexed uterus
Bending backwards of the uterus at the body
Retroflexed uterus
What is the most common uterine position
Anteverted and anteflexed 
The outer functional layer of the ovary
Ovarian cortex
The inner ovary which contains blood vessels and connective tissue
Ovarian medulla
Portion of the ovary through which channel the ovarian vessels and nerves, it is situated on the anterior surface of each ovary
Ovarian Hilum 
Typical length of the Oviducts 
7 to 14 cm
Portion of the fallopian tube that is narrow and relatively straight, located within the uterine wall
Interstitial/intramural
Medial portion of the fallopian tube closest to the uterus 
Isthmus 
The longest portion of the fallopian tube which curves around the ovary; is thin walled distendable, normal sight of fertilization
Ampulla
The outer trumpet shaped end of the fallopian tube
Infundibulum
Numerous finger like projections which maintain a close relationship between the fallopian tube and ovary
Fimbriae 
A peritoneal recess that is located between the pubic bone and the anterior urinary bladder wall
Space of Retzius aka retropubic or prevesical space
Peritoneal Recess that is located anterior to the uterus and posterior to the urinary bladder
Vesicouterine space aka anterior cul de sac
Peritoneal recess that is located posterior to the uterine cervix and anterior to the rectum. The most dependent recess in the body and therefore the most common site for free peritoneal fluid to collect
Recto uterine space a.k.a. posterior cul-de-sac a.k.a. pouch of Douglas
Another term for internal iliac
Hypogastric artery
Where does the left gonadal vein empty into
The left renal vein
Dilated tortuous veins equal greater than 
Greater than 4 to 5 mm
Dilated tortuous veins near the uterus and or in the adnexa may be associated with
Pelvic congestion syndrome 
Describe the Doppler flow characteristics in a non-gravid patient of the uterine artery
Moderate to high velocity/high resistance flow. Higher resistance flow and proliferative phase than in secretory phase
Describe the blood flow in ovarian arteries during the follicular phase
Low velocity and high resistance
