Ch. 11 - 12 Flashcards
On page 397, the first rule of decontamination is to ________.
Avoid contamination
On page 397, ALARA stands for:
As low as reasonably achievable
On page 397, a hazardous material that physically remains on or in people, animals, the environment, or equipment, thereby creating a continuing risk of direct injury or a risk exposure outside of the hot zone is called what?
A. Poison
B. Contaminant
C. Hazardous Material
D. Exposure
Contaminant
On page 397, the process of transferring a hazardous material from its source to people, animals, the environment, or equipment, which may act as a carrier is called what?
A. Exposure
B. Contamination
C. Infection
D. None of the above
Contamination
On page 397, the process by which people, animals, the environment, and equipment are subjected to or come in contact with a hazardous material is called what?
A. Exposure
B. Contamination
C. Infection
D. None of the above
Exposure
On page 398, the process used to destroy the majority of recognized pathogenic microorganisms is called what?
A. Decontamination
B. Disinfection
C. Sterilization
D. Boiling
Disinfection
On page 398, the process of destroying all microorganisms in or on an object is called what?
A. Decontamination
B. Disinfection
C. Sterilization
D. Boiling
Sterilization
On page 398, the initial phase of the decontamination process during which the amount of surface contaminant is significantly reduced is called what?
A. Secondary decontamination B. Gross decontamination C. Emergency decontamination D. Mass decontamination E. Technical decontamination
Gross decontamination
On page 398, the second phase of the decontamination process designed to physically or chemically remove surface contaminants to a safe and acceptable level is called what?
A. Secondary decontamination B. Gross decontamination C. Emergency decontamination D. Mass decontamination E. Technical decontamination
Secondary decontamination
On page 398, the physical process of immediately reducing contamination of individuals in potentially life-threatening situation with or without formal establishment of a decontamination corridor is called what?
A. Secondary decontamination B. Gross decontamination C. Emergency decontamination D. Mass decontamination E. Technical decontamination
Emergency decontamination
On page 398, the planned and systematic process of reducing contamination to ALARA is called what?
A. Secondary decontamination B. Gross decontamination C. Emergency decontamination D. Mass decontamination E. Technical decontamination
Technical decontamination
On page 398, the process of decontaminating large numbers of people in the fastest possible time to reduce surface contamination to a safe level is called what?
A. Secondary decontamination B. Gross decontamination C. Emergency decontamination D. Mass decontamination E. Technical decontamination
Mass decontamination
On page 398, once victims are decontaminated they are referred to as:
patients
On page 398, 4 basic concepts of decontamination are:
- How to prevent contamination
- Surface vs. permeation decontamination
- Direct vs. cross-contamination
- Types of contaminants
On page 399, the most common cause of responder and response equipment contamination comes from _____ and ______ exercised during decontamination and clean-up operations
poor organization and discipline
On page 399, two types of contamination:
Surface and permeation
On page 399, factors that influence permeation are:
Contact time
Concentration
Temperature
Physical state
On page 400, ____ and _____ are the most common areas that get contaminated.
Gloves and boots
On page 400, the types of contaminants can be divided into 9 different categories based on their primary hazards:
High acute toxicity contaminants
Moderate to highly chronic toxicity contaminants
Embryotoxic contaminants
Allergenic contaminants
Flammable contaminants
Highly reactive or explosive contaminants
Water reactive contaminants
Etiologic contaminants
Radioactive contaminants
On page 401, 4 factors influence an etiologic or biological material’s ability to invade and alter the human body:
Virulence
Dose
Physical environment
Personal health status
On page 402, a good rule of thumb for making an on-scene decision to clean contaminated equipment now or wait out the half life is the fact that the passage of ____ half lives will bring a radiation level down to 1% of what it is at the time you take the first reading.
7 half lives
On page 402, in 10 half lives, the level will be down to ____.
A. 10%
B. 1%
C. 0.1%
D. 0.01%
0.1%
On page 403, 1 Sv = ____ rem.
A. 50 rem
B. 100 rem
C. 150 rem
D. 200 rem
100 rem
On page 403, 1 microsievert (mSv) = ________ milirem
A. 0.1 millirem
B. 1 millirem
C. 10 millirem
D. 100 millirem
0.1 millirem
On page 403, 1 rem = _______ mSv.
A. 1 mSv
B. 10 mSv
C. 100 mSv
D. 1000 mSv
10 mSv
On page 405, ________ is the process of altering the chemical structure of the contaminant through the use of a second chemical or material.
A. Chemical degradation
B. Chemical change
C. Diffusion
D. Desorption
Chemical Degradation
On page 406, two major categories of disinfectants:
Chemical disinfectants
Antiseptic disinfectants
On page 406, _____ disinfectants are most practical for field use.
A. Antiseptic disinfectants
B. Chemical disinfectants
C. Sterilization disinfectants
D. Physical disinfectants
Chemical disinfectants
On page 406, _____ disinfectants are primarily for direct application to the skin.
A. Antiseptic disinfectants
B. Chemical disinfectants
C. Sterilization disinfectants
D. Physical disinfectants
Antiseptic disinfectants
On page 406, 5 simple criteria can be used for evaluating decon effectiveness:
- No personnel are exposed to concentrations above TLV/TWA
- Not exposed to skin contact with materials that present a skin hazard
- Contamination levels are reduced as personnel move through decon corridor
- Contamination is confined to the hot zone and decon corridor
- Contamination is reduced to a level of ALARA
