Ch. 1 - 3 Flashcards
On page 5, Any substance that jumps out of its container when something goes wrong and hurts or harms the things it touches is called what?
Hazardous Materials
On page 6, ____ are primarily created through an act of congress, by an individual state legislatures or by local government bodies.
Laws
On page 6, ___, sometimes called rules, are created by federal or state agencies as a method of providing guidelines for complying with a law that was enacted through legislative action.
Regulation
On page 6, _______ are standards and recommended practices developed through an open, democratic, consensus-based process.
Voluntary Consensus Standard
On page 6, when a federal, state, or municipal government adopts a consensus standard by reference, the document becomes a _____.
Regulation
On page 6, the law that establishes a framework for the proper management and disposal of all waste materials is called what?
A. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
B. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
C. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)
D. The Clean Air Act (CAA)
E. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA)
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
On page 6, known as superfund, this law addresses hazardous substance releases into the environment and clean-up of inactive hazardous waste disposal sites. It also requires those individuals responsible for the release of the hazardous materials. This act is called what?
A. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
B. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
C. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)
D. The Clean Air Act (CAA)
E. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA)
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
On page 6, this act amended and reauthorized the CERCLA act. It established a national baseline with regard to hazmat, planning, community right to know, preparedness, training and response.
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)
On page 6, SARA title III is known as the:
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA)
On page 7, SARA Title _____, is the primary federal legislation that directly affects the local hazardous materials emergency preparedness program.
SARA Title III
On page 7, _________ also known as HAZWOPER, this federal regulation was issued under the authority of SARA Title I.
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (29 CFR 1910 . 120)
On page 10, Hazard Communication Regulation (___ CFR _________) HAZCOM is a federal regulation that requires hazardous materials manufacturers and handlers to develop written SDS on specific types of hazardous chemicals.
29 CFR 1910 . 1200
On page 10, Risk management programs consist of 3 elements:
- Hazard assessment of the facility
- Prevention program
- Emergency Response Considerations
On page 10, _________ study is the most popular method of hazard analysis used within the petroleum and chemical industries.
HAZOP (Hazard Operability study)
On page 14, 4 key elements in a hazardous materials management system approach:
Planning and Preparedness
Prevention
Response
Clean up and recovery
On page 14, the ability to develop an implement an effective hazmat management plan depends upon two elements:
Hazard analysis
Contingency emergency planning
On page 16, 4 components of a hazards analysis program:
- Hazard identification
- Vulnerability analysis
- Risk analysis
- Emergency response resources evaluation
On page 17, the emergency management planning process steps are:
- Form a collaborative planning team
- Understand the situation
- Determine the goals and objectives
- Plan development
- Plan, Preparation, Review, Approve
- Plan implementation and Maintenance
On page 19, historically, the ERG is revised and published on a ___ year cycle.
3 year cycle
On page 26, a _________ can be defined as the release, or potential release, of a hazardous materials emergency preparedness program.
Hazardous Materials Incident
On page 26, OSHA 1910.120 is the _____ of the land. NFPA 472 is a _____ consensus standard.
LAW; VOLUNTARY
On page 26, hazmat prevention activities include:
- Hazmat process, container design, and construction standards
- Inspection and enforcement
- Public education
- Handling, notification, and reporting requirements
On page 28, which phrase is defined in EPA 40 CFR 355?
A. Dangerous Goods
B. Clean Air Act
C. Extremely Hazardous Substances
D. Local Emergency Planning Committee
Extremely Hazardous Substances
On page 32, ____ is defined as the ability of a substance to cause injury to a biological tissue.
Toxicity
On page 32, the health hazard equation is:
Exposure + Toxicity = Health Hazard
On page 33, dose =
Concentration x Time
On page 33, signs and symptoms of acute effects may be immediate or may not be evident for ___ to ___ hours after the exposure.
24 - 72 hours
On page 33 responders can be exposed to hazardous materials by the following means:
Inhalation Ingestion Direct Contact Skin Absorption Injection
On page 33, _____ is the most common exposure route and often the most damaging.
Inhalation
On page 35, 7 types of harm:
Thermal
Mechanical
Poisonous
Corrosive
Asphyxiation
Radiation
Etiological
On page 35, _______ break down fatty skin tissue and penetrate deeply.
Bases/Caustics
On page 35, _____ generally cause greater surface tissue damage while _____ produce deeper, slower healing burns.
Acids; bases
On page 35, ______ asphyxiants act on the body by displacing or reducing the oxygen in the air for normal breathing.
Simple Asphyxiants
On page 35, _______ disturb the normal body processes that control respiration.
Chemical asphyxiants
On page 35, _________ radiation, such as microwaves and lasers, may also create potential harm in certain emergency situations.
Nonionizing
On page 35, events created by uncontrolled exposures to living microorganisms is called what type of harm?
Etiological
On page 36, 4 categories of factors that influence toxicity:
- Concentration or dose
- Rate of absorption
- Rate of detoxification
- Rate of excretion
On page 36, the concentration of an ingested, absorbed, or injected substance which results in the death of 50% of the test population. Expressed in mg/kg. This is called what?
Lethal Dose, 50% kill (LD 50%)
On page 36, the concentration of an inhaled substance that results in the death of 50% of the test population in a specific time period (usually one hour). It is usually expressed in ppm and mg/m3 or micrograms per liter. This is called what?
Lethal Concentration, 50% kill (LC 50%)
On page 37, The Hodge Sterner table states that the degree of toxicity that is dangerously toxic is how many mg?
<1.0 mg
The Hodge Sterner table states that the degree of toxicity that is seriously toxic is how many mg?
1 - 50 mg
The Hodge Sterner table states that the degree of toxicity that is highly toxic is how many mg?
50 - 500 mg
The Hodge Sterner table states that the degree of toxicity that is moderately toxic is how many mg?
0.5 - 5 grams
The Hodge Sterner table states that the degree of toxicity that is slightly toxic is how many mg?
5 - 15 grams
The Hodge Sterner table states that the degree of toxicity that is extremely low toxicity is how many mg?
> 15 grams
The Hodge Sterner table states that > 15 grams is what degree of toxicity?
Extremely low toxicity
The Hodge Sterner table states that 5 - 15 grams is what degree of toxicity?
Slightly toxic
The Hodge Sterner table states that 0.5 - 5 grams is what degree of toxicity?
Moderately toxic
The Hodge Sterner table states that 50 - 500 mg is what degree of toxicity?
Highly Toxic
The Hodge Sterner table states that 1 - 50 mg is what degree of toxicity?
Seriously toxic
The Hodge Sterner table states that < 1 mg is what degree of toxicity?
Dangerously toxic
On page 62, the maximum airborne concentration of a material to which an average healthy person may be exposed repeatedly for 8 hours each day, 40 hours per week without suffering adverse effects is called what?
A. Threshold Limit Value / Ceiling (TLV/C)
B. Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)
C. Threshold Limit Value / Time Weighted Average (TLV / TWA)
D. Recommended Exposure Levels (REL)
E. Permissible Exposure Levels (PEL)
Threshold Limit Value / Time Weighted Average (TLV/TWA)
On page 62, the maximum concentration that should not be exceeded, even instantaneously. The lower the value, the more toxic the substance is called what?
A. Threshold Limit Value / Ceiling (TLV/C)
B. Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)
C. Threshold Limit Value / Time Weighted Average (TLV / TWA)
D. Recommended Exposure Levels (REL)
E. Permissible Exposure Levels (PEL)
Threshold Limit Value / Ceiling (TLV / C)
On page 62, The 15 minute time weighted average exposure that should not be exceeded at any time, nor repeated more than 4 times daily with a 60 minute rest period required between each STEL exposure is called what?
A. Threshold Limit Value / Ceiling (TLV/C)
B. Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)
C. Threshold Limit Value / Time Weighted Average (TLV / TWA)
D. Recommended Exposure Levels (REL)
E. Permissible Exposure Levels (PEL)
Short-term Exposure Limit (STEL)
On page 62, the maximum time weighted concentration at which 95% of exposed healthy adults suffer no adverse effects over a 40 hour work week, based on a 10 hour, time weighted average concentration; used by NIOSH is called what?
A. Threshold Limit Value / Ceiling (TLV/C)
B. Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)
C. Threshold Limit Value / Time Weighted Average (TLV / TWA)
D. Recommended Exposure Levels (REL)
E. Permissible Exposure Levels (PEL)
Recommended Exposure Levels (REL)