Ch. 10.1-10.2

Question 1

lode

Answer 1

rich vein of gold or silver

Question 2

vigilante

Answer 2

self appointed law enforcers

Question 3

transcontinental railroad

Answer 3

a railroad that stretches across a continent from coast to coast

Question 4

subsidy

Answer 4

financial aid

Question 5

gauge

Answer 5

widths

Question 6

network

Answer 6

system of connected lines

Question 7

consolidate

Answer 7

combine

Question 8

rebate

Answer 8

discounts

Question 9

pool

Answer 9

several railroad companies that agreed to divide up the business in an area

Question 10

cattle drive

Answer 10

the herding and moving of cattle (usually to railroad lines)

Question 11

vaquero

Answer 11

skilled riders who herded cattle on ranches in mexico, california and the southwest

Question 12

cowtown

Answer 12

a settlement that grew up at the end of a cattle trail

Question 13

sod house

Answer 13

house made of thickly-rooted prairie grass

Question 14

sodbuster

Answer 14

a farmer or farm worker who plows the land

Question 15

cooperative

Answer 15

working together to a goal

Question 16

wholesale

Answer 16

the selling of goods in large quantities to be retailed to others

Question 17

inflation

Answer 17

a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money

Question 18

morrill acts

Answer 18

acts that provided public land for agricultural colleges

Question 19

comstock lode

Answer 19

henry comstock became a partner in a gold mine in nevada that was rich in gold and silver- reffered to as “lodge”

Question 20

what was the richest silver mine in the world

Answer 20

lodge in nevada `

Question 21

boomtowns

Answer 21

towns that sprang up around mines- ceter of food, clothing, and other supplies; hotels, stores, and restuarants replaced tents as towns grew

Question 22

ghost towns

Answer 22

old boomtowns that became deserted once the mines dried up

Question 23

what did the railroads allow and bring to the west

Answer 23

they allowed quick economic growth of the west and brought economic growth and new settlement to the west

Question 24

where was the union pacific railroad

Answer 24

started nebraska and headed west

Question 25

where was the central pacific railroad

Answer 25

started in california and headed east

Question 26

what did the union pacific railroad do

Answer 26

forever changed the west

Question 27

how did seattle and los angeles grow so quickly

Answer 27

they developed where the railroads met

Question 28

how were 8 of the states created

Answer 28

railroads led to the growth of territories

Question 29

what did early trains make people do and why

Answer 29

only allowed people to travel short distances before they had to change trains because the trains used different gauges for thier tracks

Question 30

what new network allowed for more transportation throughout the nation

Answer 30

made gauges match those in the north

Question 31

george westinghouse

Answer 31

developed the loocomotive air brake

Question 32

george pullman

Answer 32

developed sleeping cars

Question 33

sleeping cars

Answer 33

trains with beds

Question 34

cornelius vanderbuilt

Answer 34

used ruthless tactics to buy up railroads; once owned 4500 mile of track

Question 35

what did railroads offer to make more profits

Answer 35

secret rebates to wealthy customers

Question 36

why were small railroad companies running out of business and who suffered the hardest

Answer 36

railroad companies set up pools and raised their prices; farmers suffered the hardest

Question 37

what led to the populist movement; what happened when laws were passed for the populist movement

Answer 37

farmers suffering; law officials were bribed

Question 38

what jobs did railroads create

Answer 38

lumberjacks, miners, and steelworkers laid down tracks, built bridges, carved tunnels, and built many stations

Question 39

what developed when railriads were built

Answer 39

organizations

Question 40

where did railroads bring settlement

Answer 40

all parts of the nation

Question 41

what did railroads make america

Answer 41

an industrial nation

Question 42

longhorn

Answer 42

large herds of cattle

Question 43

what had an increase in demand after the civil war, who did this help and how did it help them

Answer 43

the demand for beef increased which helped ranchers to use longhorn for commercial purposes

Question 44

how did the chisholm trail become one of the most well known trails

Answer 44

cattle drivers

Question 45

cowhands

Answer 45

helped to move cattle

Question 46

who were cowhands

Answer 46

former confederate soldiers, mexican americans, and african americans

Question 47

what did vaqueros do

Answer 47

teach cowhands to tame cattle

Question 48

what were challenges cowhands faced

Answer 48

``` prairie dogs rattlesnakes thunderstorms moving rivers grass fires cattle thieves stampedes ```

Question 49

how were cowhands paid

Answer 49

in food, housing, and were paid $1 a day

Question 50

where did cattle drives end

Answer 50

cow towns or railroad lines

Question 51

why were dance halls, saloons, hotels, and restaurants placed down strategically and why were most supplies brought to these locations

Answer 51

cowhands spent their money here

Question 52

what did cattle kingdom lead to

Answer 52

high profits

Question 53

what did farmers fence in their land with and why

Answer 53

they used barbed wire to close off the open range so sheepherders would not take their cattle

Question 54

what did texas fever do

Answer 54

killed many cattle

Question 55

homestead act

Answer 55

160 acres of land given to head of the household, they could not serve in confederacy, paid a small fee, and improved the land for 5 years

Question 56

who suffered from the homestead act

Answer 56

farmers

Question 57

where did mexicanos settle

Answer 57

in the west

Question 58

what did the oklahoma land rush lead to

Answer 58

boomers and sooners

Question 59

what was the difference between boomers and sooners

Answer 59

boomers arrived illegally to take the land while sooners had not

Question 60

what houses were used on the plains

Answer 60

sod houses instead of wooden houses

Question 61

what plow made farming easier

Answer 61

steel plow

Question 62

windmills

Answer 62

used to pump wells

Question 63

what was the weather like on the plains

Answer 63

hot summers and cold, snowy winters

Question 64

what did women on the plains do

Answer 64

preserved food for winters and often made materials

Question 65

how were many hurt in the 1890s

Answer 65

economically

Question 66

what were homesteaders

Answer 66

self sufficient

Question 67

why did farmers work together in a cooperative and what did they buy in a wholesale at lower prices

Answer 67

to reduce shipping rates and raise profits, they bought supplies in a wholesale in lower prices

Question 68

what was the national grange (and the farmers alliance) used for

Answer 68

political power

Question 69

what did farmer and labor unions create in 1892

Answer 69

populists

Question 70

what did the populist party demand and support

Answer 70

they demanded better working conditions like an 8 hour workday and pushed for silver to be put into circulation- bankers opposed it because inflation would occur; they supported the gold standard

Question 71

who were the people running in the election of 1896

Answer 71

``` -william jennings bryan: a democrat who supported the populist agenda -william mckinley: a republican who supported the gold standard ```

Question 72

who won the election of 1896

Answer 72

william mckinley