Ch 10 Vocab

Question 0

Theoretical views emphasizing that personality is primarily unconscious (beyond awareness)

Answer 0

Psychodynamic perspectives

Question 1

A pattern of enduring ,distinctive thoughts,emotions and behaviors that characterize the the way an individual adapts to the world

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

Freud’s theories have strongly influenced how people in western cultures view themselves and the world

Answer 2

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Question 3

The Freudian structure personality that deals with the demands of reality

Answer 3

Ego

Question 4

The Freudian structure of personality that serves as the harsh internal judge of our behavior, what we often called conscience

Answer 4

Super ego

Question 5

The part of the person that Freud called the “it,” consisting of unconscious drives, the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy

Answer 5

Id

Question 6

Tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Answer 6

Defense mechanisms

Question 7

The youngest of Sigmund Freud six children and not only did influential work on defense mechanisms but also pioneered in the theory and practice of child psychoanalysis

Answer 7

Anna Freud (1895-1982)

Question 8

The master defense mechanism, the ego pushes unacceptable impulses out of awareness, back into the unconscious mind

Answer 8

Repression

Question 9

The ego replaces a less acceptable motive with a more acceptable one

Answer 9

Rationalization

Question 10

The ego shifts feelings towards an unexpectable object to another, more acceptable object

Answer 10

Displacement

Question 11

The ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a socially acceptable one

Answer 11

Sublimation

Question 12

The ego attributes personal shortcomings, problems, and faults to others

Answer 12

Projection

Question 13

The ego transforms and unacceptable motive into opposite

Answer 13

Reaction formation

Question 14

The ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety producing reality

Answer 14

Denial

Question 15

The ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental period In the face of stress

Answer 15

Regression

Question 16

According to Freud, a boy’s intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother

Answer 16

Oedipus complex

Question 17

Infants pleasure centers on the mouth

Answer 17

Oral stage

Question 18

Toilet training stage

Answer 18

Anal

Question 19

Latin word phallus genital pleasure stage

Answer 19

Phallic

Question 20

Not a developmental stage a time out

Answer 20

Latency period

Question 21

Sexual re-awakening

Answer 21

Genital stage

Question 22

Developed the first feminist criticism of Freud’s theory. Her view emphasizes women’s positive qualities and self evaluation

Answer 22

Karen Horney

Question 23

Swiss psychoanalytic theories developed the concept of the collective unconscious archetypes

Answer 23

Carl Jung (1875-1961)

Question 24

Jung's name for the impersonal, you deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral path

Answer 24

Collective unconscious

Question 25

Emotionally laden ideas and images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people

Answer 25

Archetypes

Question 26

Adler's view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life

Answer 26

Individual psychology

Question 27

Theoretical views stressing a person's capacity for personal growth and positive human qualitiesp

Answer 27

Humanistic perspectives

Question 28

A pioneer in the development of the humanistic perspective

Answer 28

Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

Question 29

Rogers's construct referring to the individuals need to be accepted, valued, and treated positively regardless of his or her behavior

Answer 29

Unconditional positive regard

Question 30

The standards that the individual must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others

Answer 30

Conditions of worth

Question 31

Theoretical views stressing that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions (traits) that tend to characteristic responses

Answer 31

Trait theories

Question 32

The five super traits that Are thought to describe the main dimensions of personality: neuroticism (emotional instability), extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

Answer 32

``` Big five factors of personality Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism ```

Question 33

A person's assessment of his or her own level of positive affect relative to negative affect and an evaluation of his her life in general

Answer 33

Subjective well-being

Question 34

Theoretical views stressing that the way to understand the person is to focus on his or her life history and life story

Answer 34

Personolgical and life story perspectives

Question 35

Theoretical views emphasizing conscious awareness, believes, expectations, and goals

Answer 35

Social cognitive perspectives

Question 36

HIs practical, problem-solving social cognitive approach has made a lasting mark on personality theory and therapy

Answer 36

Albert Bandura (1925)

Question 37

The belief that one can master situation and produce positive change

Answer 37

Self efficacy

Question 38

Mischel's theoretical model for describing that I thought the motions about ourselves and the world affect our behavior and become linked in way that matter to behavior

Answer 38

Cognitive affective processing system (CAPS)

Question 39

Eyesenck viewed introversion and extraversion as characteristic behavioral patterns that aim to regulate arousal around the individuals baseline level

Answer 39

Eyesenck's reticular activation system theory.

Question 40

Gray theorized that two neurological system, the BAS and the BIS explain differences in an organisms attention to environmental rewards and punishment punishment and in this way shape personality

Answer 40

Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory.

Question 41

The study of the inherited underpinnings of behavioral characteristics

Answer 41

Behavioral genetics

Question 42

Also called an objective test or an inventory, a method of measuring personality characteristics that directly ask people rather specific items describe their personality traits

Answer 42

Self report test

Question 43

A type of self-report test that presents many questionnaire items are two groups that are known to be different in some central way

Answer 43

Empirically keyed test

Question 44

The most widely used and researched empirically keyed self report personality test

Answer 44

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)

Question 45

The quality of seeming, on the surface, to fit a particular trait in question

Answer 45

Face validity

Question 46

A personality assessment test that presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and ask them to describe it or tell a story about it to project their own meaning onto the stimulus

Answer 46

Projective test

Question 47

A famous projective test that uses an individual's perception of inkblots to determine his or her personality

Answer 47

Rorschshach ink lot test

Question 48

Personality is characterized by unconscious processes. Childhood experiences are of great importance to adult personality

Answer 48

Psychodynamic

Question 49

A projective test that is designed to elicit stories that reveal something about an individuals personality

Answer 49

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

Question 50

Personality Evolves out of the person innate,organismic motives to grow and actualized yourself. These healthy tendencies can be undermined by social pressure

Answer 50

Humanistic

Question 51

Personality is the patterns of coherence that characterizes a person's interactions with the situation he or she encounters in life. The individual's beliefs and expectations, rather than global traits are the central variable of interest

Answer 51

Social cognitive

Question 52

Personality is characterized by five general traits that are represented in the natural language that people use to describe themselves and others

Answer 52

Trait

Question 53

To understand personality we must understand the whole person. We all have unique life experiences, and the stories we tell about those experiences make up our identities

Answer 53

Personology and life story

Question 54

Personality characteristics reflect underlying biological processes such as those carried out by the brain, neurotransmitters, and genes. Differences in behaviors, thoughts, and feelings depend on these processes

Answer 54

Biological