Ch 10 Vocab Flashcards
Theoretical views emphasizing that personality is primarily unconscious (beyond awareness)
Psychodynamic perspectives
A pattern of enduring ,distinctive thoughts,emotions and behaviors that characterize the the way an individual adapts to the world
Personality
Freud’s theories have strongly influenced how people in western cultures view themselves and the world
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
The Freudian structure personality that deals with the demands of reality
Ego
The Freudian structure of personality that serves as the harsh internal judge of our behavior, what we often called conscience
Super ego
The part of the person that Freud called the “it,” consisting of unconscious drives, the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy
Id
Tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
Defense mechanisms
The youngest of Sigmund Freud six children and not only did influential work on defense mechanisms but also pioneered in the theory and practice of child psychoanalysis
Anna Freud (1895-1982)
The master defense mechanism, the ego pushes unacceptable impulses out of awareness, back into the unconscious mind
Repression
The ego replaces a less acceptable motive with a more acceptable one
Rationalization
The ego shifts feelings towards an unexpectable object to another, more acceptable object
Displacement
The ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a socially acceptable one
Sublimation
The ego attributes personal shortcomings, problems, and faults to others
Projection
The ego transforms and unacceptable motive into opposite
Reaction formation
The ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety producing reality
Denial
The ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental period In the face of stress
Regression
According to Freud, a boy’s intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother
Oedipus complex
Infants pleasure centers on the mouth
Oral stage
Toilet training stage
Anal
Latin word phallus genital pleasure stage
Phallic
Not a developmental stage a time out
Latency period
Sexual re-awakening
Genital stage
Developed the first feminist criticism of Freud’s theory. Her view emphasizes women’s positive qualities and self evaluation
Karen Horney
Swiss psychoanalytic theories developed the concept of the collective unconscious archetypes
Carl Jung (1875-1961)
Jung’s name for the impersonal, you deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral path
Collective unconscious
Emotionally laden ideas and images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people
Archetypes
Adler’s view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life
Individual psychology
Theoretical views stressing a person’s capacity for personal growth and positive human qualitiesp
Humanistic perspectives
A pioneer in the development of the humanistic perspective
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
Rogers’s construct referring to the individuals need to be accepted, valued, and treated positively regardless of his or her behavior
Unconditional positive regard
The standards that the individual must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others
Conditions of worth
Theoretical views stressing that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions (traits) that tend to characteristic responses
Trait theories
The five super traits that Are thought to describe the main dimensions of personality: neuroticism (emotional instability), extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
Big five factors of personality Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
A person’s assessment of his or her own level of positive affect relative to negative affect and an evaluation of his her life in general
Subjective well-being
Theoretical views stressing that the way to understand the person is to focus on his or her life history and life story
Personolgical and life story perspectives
Theoretical views emphasizing conscious awareness, believes, expectations, and goals
Social cognitive perspectives
HIs practical, problem-solving social cognitive approach has made a lasting mark on personality theory and therapy
Albert Bandura (1925)
The belief that one can master situation and produce positive change
Self efficacy
Mischel’s theoretical model for describing that I thought the motions about ourselves and the world affect our behavior and become linked in way that matter to behavior
Cognitive affective processing system (CAPS)
Eyesenck viewed introversion and extraversion as characteristic behavioral patterns that aim to regulate arousal around the individuals baseline level
Eyesenck’s reticular activation system theory.
Gray theorized that two neurological system, the BAS and the BIS explain differences in an organisms attention to environmental rewards and punishment punishment and in this way shape personality
Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory.
The study of the inherited underpinnings of behavioral characteristics
Behavioral genetics
Also called an objective test or an inventory, a method of measuring personality characteristics that directly ask people rather specific items describe their personality traits
Self report test
A type of self-report test that presents many questionnaire items are two groups that are known to be different in some central way
Empirically keyed test
The most widely used and researched empirically keyed self report personality test
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)
The quality of seeming, on the surface, to fit a particular trait in question
Face validity
A personality assessment test that presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and ask them to describe it or tell a story about it to project their own meaning onto the stimulus
Projective test
A famous projective test that uses an individual’s perception of inkblots to determine his or her personality
Rorschshach ink lot test
Personality is characterized by unconscious processes. Childhood experiences are of great importance to adult personality
Psychodynamic
A projective test that is designed to elicit stories that reveal something about an individuals personality
Thematic apperception test (TAT)
Personality Evolves out of the person innate,organismic motives to grow and actualized yourself. These healthy tendencies can be undermined by social pressure
Humanistic
Personality is the patterns of coherence that characterizes a person’s interactions with the situation he or she encounters in life. The individual’s beliefs and expectations, rather than global traits are the central variable of interest
Social cognitive
Personality is characterized by five general traits that are represented in the natural language that people use to describe themselves and others
Trait
To understand personality we must understand the whole person. We all have unique life experiences, and the stories we tell about those experiences make up our identities
Personology and life story
Personality characteristics reflect underlying biological processes such as those carried out by the brain, neurotransmitters, and genes. Differences in behaviors, thoughts, and feelings depend on these processes
Biological
