Ch. 10: Supernatural Beliefs

Question 1

Communal cults

Answer 1

A type of religious organization in which groups of ordinary people conduct religious ceremonies for the well-being of the total community

Question 2

Contagious magic

Answer 2

A form of magic based on the premise that things, once in contact with a person, continue to influence that person after separation

Question 3

Cult

Answer 3

Forms of religion that have their own set of beliefs, rituals, and goals

Question 4

Ecclesiastical cults

Answer 4

Highly complex religious organizations in which full-time clergy are employed

Question 5

Imitative magic

Answer 5

A form of magic based on the idea that the procedure performed resembles the desired result

Question 6

Individualistic cults

Answer 6

The least complex type of religious organization in which each person is his or her own religious specialist

Question 7

Liberation Theology

Answer 7

A form of Catholicism found throughout South and Central America in which priests and nuns are actively involved in programs that promote social justice for the poor

Question 8

Magic

Answer 8

A system of supernatural beliefs that involves the manipulation of supernatural forces for the purpose of intervening in a wide range of human activities and natural events

Question 9

Mahdist Movements

Answer 9

Revitalization movements in the Muslim world

Question 10

Millenarian Movements

Answer 10

Social movements by repressed groups of people who are looking forward to better times in the future

Question 11

Nativistic Movements

Answer 11

A religious force for social change found among Native Americans

Question 12

Religion

Answer 12

A set of beliefs in supernatural beings and forces directed at helping people make sense of the world and solve important problems

Question 13

Revitalization Movements

Answer 13

Religious movements designed to bring about a new way of life within a society

Question 14

Rites of Passage

Answer 14

Ceremonies that celebrate the transition of a person from one social status to another

Question 15

Rites of Solidarity

Answer 15

Ceremonies performed for the sake of enhancing social integration among groups of people

Question 16

Separatist Christian churches

Answer 16

Small-scale churches that break away from the dominant church to gain greater political, economic, social, and religious autonomy

Question 17

Shamanistic cults

Answer 17

A type of religious organization in which part-time specialists called shamans intervene with the deities on behalf of their clients

Question 18

Shaman

Answer 18

Part-time religious specialists who are thought to have supernatural powers by virtue of birth, training, or inspiration

Question 19

Sorcery

Answer 19

The deliberate use of supernatural powers to bring about harm (often through materials, potions, and medicines)

Question 20

Vision quest

Answer 20

A ritual found in some Plains Indian cultures wherein, through visions, people establish special relationships with spirits who provide them with knowledge, power, and protection

Question 21

Witchcraft

Answer 21

An inborn, involuntary, and often unconscious capacity to cause harm to other people

Question 22

Cargo cults

Answer 22

Revitalization movements in Melanesia intended to bring new life and purpose to a society