Ch. 10: Nervous System

Question 1

What are nerve cells called?

Answer 1

neurons

Question 2

What do nerve cells do?

Answer 2

carry electrical impulses all over the body

Question 3

What are nerve cells collected into?

Answer 3

macroscopic nerves

Question 4

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Answer 4

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, plexuses, peripheral nerves throughout the body, autonomic nerves (parasympathetic & sympathetic nerves)

Question 5

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 5

brain & spinal cord

Question 6

The peripheral nervous system consists of..

Answer 6

cranial nerves from the brain; spinal nerves from the spine; and autonomic system (involuntary) which has parasympathetic (rest & digest) & sympathetic (fight or flight)

Question 7

What does a neuron’s structure have?

Answer 7

dendrite, cell nucleus, axon

Question 8

what are ganglia?

Answer 8

small clusters of nerve cell bodies

Question 9

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 9

controls body temp, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions; regulates release of hormones from the pituitary gland; monitors sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 10

What does the medulla oblongata regulate?

Answer 10

**regulates: blood vessels, heart, respiratory system

Question 11

astrocyte

Answer 11

glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

Question 12

autonomic nervous system

Answer 12

nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs

Question 13

axon

Answer 13

microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

Question 14

blood-brain barrier

Answer 14

protective separation between the blood and brain cells that keeps substances (such as anticancer drugs) from penetrating capillary walls and entering the brain

Question 15

brainstem

Answer 15

posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum w/ the spinal cord

Question 16

cauda equina

Answer 16

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

Question 17

cerebral cortex

Answer 17

outer region of the cerebrum; contains sheets of nerve cells; gray matter

Question 18

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 18

circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

Question 19

cerebrum

Answer 19

the largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscle activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory

Question 20

Hydrocephalus (a congenital disorder)

Answer 20

it is a condition in which the primary characteristic is excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain. Although hydrocephalus was once known as “water on the brain,” the “water” is actually cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 21

Spina bifida cystica

Answer 21

A bony defect in the vertebral column that causes a cleft in that column. The meningeal membranes that cover the spinal cord and part of the spinal cord protrude through this cleft, and are clearly visible

Question 22

Spina bifida occulta

Answer 22

hidden spina bifida- incomplete closing of the backbones

Question 23

CVA- cerebrovascular accident- thrombotic

Answer 23

a blood clot in an artery leaving the brain

Question 24

CVA- cerebrovascular accident- embolic

Answer 24

a dislodged clot that travels to the cerebral arteries

Question 25

CVA- cerebrovascular accident- hemorraghic

Answer 25

a blood vessel, such as the cerebral artery, breaks and bleeding occurs

Question 26

migraine

Answer 26

a severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

Question 27

thrombotic strokes are caused by…

Answer 27

atheromatous plaques that occlude cerebral arteries

Question 28

hemorrhagic strokes are caused by…

Answer 28

cerebral arterial wall rupture

Question 29

embolic strokes are caused by…

Answer 29

dislodged thrombi that occlude cerebral arteries

Question 30

Parkinson’s disease causes…

Answer 30

shuffling gait, and loss of motor control

Question 31

hemiplegia paralysis

Answer 31

paralysis of 1 side of the body

Question 32

paraplegia paralysis

Answer 32

top half of body paralyzed

Question 33

quadraplegia paralysis

Answer 33

all 4 extremities paralyzed

Question 34

X-Ray tests: cerebral angiography

Answer 34

Cerebral angiography is a procedure that uses a special dye (contrast material) and x-rays to see how blood flows through the brain.

Question 35

X-Ray tests: computed tomography

Answer 35

Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging procedure that uses special x-ray equipment to create detailed pictures, or scans, of areas inside the body.

Question 36

X-Ray tests: myelography

Answer 36

Myelography uses a real-time form of x-ray called fluoroscopy and an injection of contrast material to evaluate the spinal cord, nerve roots and spinal lining (meninges).

Question 37

MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 37

a test that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures of organs and structures inside the body

Question 38

PET- positron emission scan

Answer 38

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a test that uses a special type of camera and a tracer (radioactive chemical) to look at organs in the body. The tracer usually is a special form of a substance (such as glucose) that collects in cells that are using a lot of energy, such as cancer cells.

Question 39

EEG- electroencephalography

Answer 39

an electrophysiological monitoring method to record electrical activity of the brain

Question 40

anesthesia

Answer 40

no feeling

Question 41

paresthesia

Answer 41

abnormal sensation

Question 42

subdural hematoma

Answer 42

collection of blood within the meningeal layers