ch 10 muscle Flashcards
Properties of muscle tissue
excitability(reactive to stimuli, generates electrical/mechanical response), contractility(cells shorten upon stimulation, creating tension),
extensibility(cells lengthen when pulled),
elasticity(reboud/recoil to a resting length after contract or extension)
types of muscle tissue
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
description of skeletal muscle tissue
long, cylindrical, mutinucleate, obvious striations(marked by multiple stripes/bands)
function of skeletal muscle tissue
voluntary movement, locomotion, manipulation of enviro, facial expression, voluntary control
location of skeletal muscle tissue
in skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin
Description of cardiac muscle tissue
branching, striated, uninucleate cells. interdigitate at specialized junctions(intercalated discs)
function of cardiac muscle tissues
as it contracts, it propels blood into ciruclation. involuntary control
location of cardiac muscle
the walls of the heart
description of smooth muscle tissue
spindle shaped cells w central nuclei, no striations. cells arranged closely to make sheets
functions of smooth muscle tissue
propels substances of objects (foodstuff, urin, baby) alone internal passageways. involuntary control
location of smooth muscle tissue
walls of hollow organs
similarities and differences of skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue
similarities: visible striations
differences:
skeletal have elongated cells, multiple peripheral nuclei, voluntary
cardiac have branching cells, single central nucleus, involuntary
skeletal muscle and smooth muscle tissue similarities and difs
no similarities
difs:
skeletal has elongated cells, mult periph nuclei, visible striations, voluntary
smooth has spindle shape cells, single nuclei, lack visible striations, involunt
cardiac muscle tissue vs smooth muscle tissue similarities and difs
similarities: single central nuc, involuntary
difs:
cardiac has branching cells and visible striations,
smooth has spindle shaped and no visible striations
Functions of skeletal muscles
skeletal movement
maintain posture
support soft tissues
guard entrances and exits
maintain body temp
storage of organic molecules(glucose and amino acids)
muscle bands that regulate passage of material and where are they located
sphincter, orifices
organizational levels of skeletal muscle
muscle> fascicle> muscle fiber> myofibril > myofilaments
connective tissue covering for each organizational level of skeletal muscle
muscle- Epimysium (EPEN)for remembering
fascicle- Perimysium
muscle fiber- ENdomysium
myofibril - none
myofilaments- none
what can tendons become that is a thin flattened sheet
aponeurosis
what type of muscles are skeletal muscles
voluntary mucles bc controlled by somatic nervous system
axon
long nerve fiber that branches at terminal and exxtends thru all 3 conn tiss layers almost reaching to muscle fiber. innervates skeletal muscle fibers
neuromuscular junction
gap between axon and muscle fiber
neuromuscular junction
gap between axon and muscle fiber
what gives muscle fibers their striations
alternating arrangements of thin and thick muscle fibers in the myofibril
Protein in thin myofiliments
Actin (main protein)
Z-LINE (holds ends together)
Tropomyosin
Troponin
Protein in thick microfiaments
Myosin (main)
M-Line (held together by)
sarcomeres and what do they contain
the functional contractile unit of skeletal muscle fiber. contains thin and thick filaments
what connects sarcomeres together and forms as anchors for thin filaments
z discks.
what is the myofibril surrounded by and what does it consist of
sarcoplasmic reticulum, consists of sarcomeres
variable factors of skeletal muscles
size, speed, amount of force, endurance
types of fibers
type 1 fibers - slow, oxidative
type 2b fibers- fast glycolic
type 2a fibers- fast, oxidative
type 1 fibers
slow, oxidative. small, slow, red, good at aerobic metabolism, low force generation
type 2b fibers
fast, glycolic.
big, fast, white, good at anaerobic, high force gen
type 2a fibers
fast, oxidative. medium size, fast contracting but slightly fatigue resistant, med force gen
what is a pennate tendon
where muscle fibers are attached to tendon at an oblique angle
types of pennate muscle
unipennate(exntensor digitorum), bipennate(rectus femoris), multipennate(deltoid)
how is cardiac muscle dfi
no fascicles, electronically connected with other cardiac muscles
intercalated discs
special connects in cardiac muscle that contain ion channels to allow electrical activity to spread easily from cell to cell
what causes the hear to beat
ion channels spread electrical activity from cell to cell in cardiac muscles allowing to hear to contract all of its muscles in near unison
smooth muscle functional characteristics
contraction cuases shortening AND twisting
contraction is slow, smooth, fatigue resistant
contraction is involuntary
smooth muscle structural characteristics
1cell is spindle shaped and has one nuc
2actin and myosin not in sarcomere of myofibs
-actin attached to dense bodies and myosin scattered in cell
3little, SR, no Ttubules,
4adjacent cells bound togeth and electrically coupled
