ch 10

Question 1

spontaneity

Answer 1

one process that proceeds without intervention
more entropy(S) = more spontaneous

Question 2

isothermal process

Answer 2

process where temperature of the system and surrounding remain constant at all times
q=-w

Question 3

what do isothermal processes tell us about work

Answer 3

work is path dependent
when you’re getting work out, the more steps you take, the more work you get out.

when you’re getting work done on it, the more steps you take, the more work you’re putting in

Question 4

entropy

Answer 4

S
disorder
delta S>0 when you have more entropy/disorder
deltaS<0 when you have less entropy/disorder

Question 5

equation to calculate entropy when volume is changing but temp is constant

Answer 5

delta S = nRln(Vf/Vi)

Question 6

equation to calculate entropy when temp is changing but volume is constant

Answer 6

delta s = nCvln(Tf/Ti)

Question 7

equation to calculate entropy when change in temp but constant p

Answer 7

delta S = nCpln(Tf/Ti)

Question 8

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 8

delta S is >=0
the entropy of the universe is always increasing
delta Suniverse = deltaSsystem + deltaSsurroundings

Question 9

deltaSuniverse>0

Answer 9

spontaneous process

Question 10

deltaSuniverse=0

Answer 10

reversible process (equilibrium)

Question 11

deltaSuniverse<0

Answer 11

non-spontaneous process

Question 12

gibbs free energy

Answer 12

delta G = delta H - TdeltaS
deltaG <0 spontaneous process
deltaG=0 equilibrium
deltaG>0 non-spontaneous process

Question 13

spontaneity rules
when is a reaction spontaneous at all temperatures?

Answer 13

detla S positive
delta H negative

Question 14

when is a reaction spontaneous only at high temperatures

Answer 14

delta S positive, delta H positive

Question 15

when is a reaction spontaneous only at low temperatures

Answer 15

delta S negative delta H negative

Question 16

when is a process never spontaneous

Answer 16

delta S negative delta H positive