Ch. 10/12 Globalization and Culture Change Terms

Question 1

cargo cults

Answer 1

religion that involves local leaders with a prophetic message from ancestral or other spirits promising wealth (“cargo”) to the followers of the new religion

Question 2

colonial hegemony

Answer 2

ways in which culture and ideology became the means of colonial control, asserting widespread influence over dominated populations

Question 3

commodification

Answer 3

the transformation of concepts, creations, and even cultures into goods that can be bought and sold, given and received

Question 4

cultural hybridity

Answer 4

• the cultural practice of combining and assigning new meaning to previous beliefs, practices, or ideas
• the emergence of a new cultural form out of two or more existing ones, leaving both forms changed without erasing the old

Question 5

decolonization

Answer 5

the process of separating the colonial meanings, associations, or imprint from a colonial cultural practice or artifact and reimagining the practice or artifact as a local, indigenous phenomenon

Question 6

dependency theory

Answer 6

the view that globalization results in some states becoming dependent on others

Question 7

deterritorialization

Answer 7

the transnational movement of people, ideas, goods, and images that results in a disassociation between people or things and the place from which they originate

Question 8

diaspora

Answer 8

a population living outside its traditional homeland

Question 9

domestic anthropology

Answer 9

anthropology done in the nation of which the anthropologist is a citizen

Question 10

globalization

Answer 10

the integration of local, regional, and/or national production, exchange, and culture into a global system

Question 11

interstitial zone

Answer 11

a place where two or more cultural contexts overlap and intersect, creating a new, generally ambiguous cultural context

Question 12

localization

Answer 12

the cultural practice of translating ideas, artifacts, or behaviors from elsewhere into localities

Question 13

modernization theory

Answer 13

the view that all societies move through stages of economic, political, and cultural development toward becoming industrialized, democratic, and “modern”

Question 14

multisited research

Answer 14

research that involves ethnographic fieldwork in two or more places, or studying a group that, by definition, does not have a specific place

Question 15

neocolonialism

Answer 15

“new colonialism,” meaning that a nation or people is essentially a colony of another nation, despite the absence of direct or formal political control

Question 16

neoliberalism

Answer 16

a political and economic philosophy rooting in neoclassical economic theory emphasizing free market and democratic institutions as the path to human flourishing and economic development

Question 17

postcolonialism

Answer 17

the cultural and economic legacy of colonialism, including ongoing relationships between former colonies and colonizers

Question 18

resistance

Answer 18

the attitudes and behaviors of dominated people, as well as instances of rebellion or revolution, that thwart, or try to thwart, an oppressor’s power

Question 19

transnational

Answer 19

describes people who move and live between two or more nations, or people who maintain cultural beliefs, practices, products, and networks connected to their homeland

Question 20

westernization (McDonaldization)

Answer 20

a form of cultural homogenization in which Western culture norms replace local culture, resulting in the loss of cultural diversity

Question 21

world-systems theory

Answer 21

the view that the world may be conceptualized as a system of nations placed in the core, semi-periphery, and periphery of an interconnected global economy

Question 22

contextualization

Answer 22

fitting the gospel with the language, idioms, customs, and traditions of a culture so that Christianity becomes organically woven in with the context

Question 23

pastoral anthropology

Answer 23

the use of ethnographic techniques to learn about the community where as church is located, the demographics of church members, and the social and spiritual needs of both communities

Question 24

subculture

Answer 24

a group within a larger culture that defines itself (or is defined by others) in opposition or in distinction to the majority