Ch. 1 Vocab Flashcards
Study of the function of an organism’s anatomy
Physiology
Study if the structure of an organism
Anatomy
Anatomical position
The body is erect. Palms, arms, and hands face forward
Anterior/ventral
The front surface of the body
Posterior/dorsal
Toward the back or back surface
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Prone
On the belly
Supine
On the back
Lateral
Related to the side
Proximal
Nearest point of attachment
Distal
Furthest away from point of attachment
Referres to the imaginary axis of the body
Planes
Divides body into front and back sections
Coronal plane
Divides the body into left and right portions
Sagittal plane
Divides the body into upper and lower halves
Transverse plane
Name the 4 types of tissue
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Tissue of the larynx; superficial layer of mucous membrane
Epithelial tissue
Most complex tissue; for the purpose of support;
Blood is also this tissue
Connective tissue
Contractile tissue (can be stimulated to contract)
Muscle tissue
Communicative tissue. Consists of variations of neuron/nerve cells. The function is to transmit info from one neuron to another; from neuron to muscle, or from sensory receptors to other neural structures
Nervous tissue
This tissue forms outer layer of skin that is continuous with internal membranes
Epithelial tissue
This tissue lines the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts
Epithelial tissue
Forms top layer vocal folds; serves to protect, cleanse, lubricate, and aid in vibrations of the vocal folds
Epithelial tissue
This tissue connects or binds structures together; supports the body, and assists in bodily maintenance
Connective tissue
What is loose connective tissue?
Areolar and adipose
Different types of connective tissue (4)
Loose connective tissue
Fibrous connective tissue
Blood
Bone
Areolar and adipose is what kind of connective tissue?
Loose connective tissue
Ligaments and cartilage is what kind of connective tissue?
Fibrous connective tissue
Three types of fibrous connective tissue:
Yellow elastic
Hyaline cartilage
Yellow (elastic) cartilage
Yellow elastic fibrous connective tissue is located where?
Trachea, cartilage, bronchi, lungs
Fibrous connective tissue hyaline cartilage is located where?
Ribs, larynx, trachea, bronchial passageways
The pinna of ear and epiglottis is what kind of fibrous connective tissue?
Yellow elastic cartilage
3 types of muscle tissue:
Striated, smooth, and cardiac
Striated muscle tissue is where?
Skeletal (voluntary)
Smooth muscle tissue is where?
Muscle of internal organs (visceral)
What is cardiac muscle tissue?
Combo of striated and smooth muscle (involuntary)
Muscle origin
Point of attachment that is least mobile
Muscle insertion
Point of attachment that moves with contraction; more distant from the body
5 types of tissue aggregates:
Fascia, ligament, tendons, bones, joints
Tissue aggregate: rounds organs (band); sheet like membrane; may be thick or thin; striated muscle is surrounded by perimysium
Fascia
Tissue aggregates:
Refers to binding; binds organs together; or holds structures in place; skeletal ligaments bind bone to bone
Ligament
Tissue aggregate: attaches muscle to bone or cartilage; same form as the muscles they serve
Tendons
Three types of joints:
Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial joints
Type of joint:
(Immobile) i.e. sutures between bones of the skull
Fibrous joints
Type of joint:
Provides union between two bonds (limited movement)
Cartilaginous joints
Type of joint:
Joint cavity which contains synovial fluids (lubricating substance)
Synovial joints
5 systems of speech:
Respiratory, phonatory, articulatory/resonatory, nervous system, auditory system
(Lungs) “power source” for speech and voice
Respiratory
(Larynx) provides the voicing (all vowels and certain phonemes)
Phonatory
(Vocal tract) shapes and modifies the acoustic source provided by voicing or other gestures to produce speech sounds
Articulatory/Resonatory
(CNS & PNS) Controls musculature, receives and makes sense of input information
Nervous system
Processes speech and nonspeech acoustic signals received and perceived by listener
Auditory system
Mastication
Process of chewing
Deglutition
Process of swallowing
Tissue aggregate:
Begins as cartilaginous mass, hardens overtime (rib cage)
Bones
Tissue aggregate:
Unions of bones with other bones or cartilage with other cartilage; classified based on the degree of movement that they allow
Joints
