Ch 1: The Earth

Question 1

What are the earths layers called?

Answer 1

Crust, mantle and core

Question 2

What is the crust?

Answer 2

It’s the outer layer of earth. It’s very thin and it contains the earths plates

Question 3

What is the mantle?

Answer 3

It is rock in a molten or semi-molten state

Question 4

What is the core?

Answer 4

It is the centre of the earth and it’s made out of iron and nickel

Question 5

Name the 7 major plates

Answer 5

Eurasian, Indian, African, American, Nazca, Pacific and Australian

Question 6

What do the plates do?

Answer 6

Carry continents and oceans

Question 7

What is continental drift?

Answer 7

Process where plates are constantly moving

Question 8

How are fold mountains created? + eg.

Answer 8

When plates collide eg. the Rockies

Question 9

How are volcanoes created? + eg.

Answer 9

When plates separate the magma rises and hardens eg. Mt. Etna

Question 10

How do earthquakes occur?

Answer 10

When plates slide past each other

Question 11

What is the focus?

Answer 11

The place within the crust where the earthquake occurs

Question 12

What is the epicentre?

Answer 12

The point on the surface above the focus

Question 13

What is a seismograph?

Answer 13

An instrument that measures shock waves

Question 14

What does the Richter Scale do?

Answer 14

It records the size of the shockwaves

Question 15

What is a tsunami?

Answer 15

Large sea wave which occurs due to earthquakes under the sea

Question 16

Name 3 effects of earthquakes

Answer 16

Loss of life, Collapse and Damage

Question 17

Name 3 Earthquake preventions

Answer 17

Construct earthquake proof buildings, construct on stable ground and know safety rules

Question 18

What is the Mid Atlantic Ridge?

Answer 18

A chain of mountains

Question 19

What is the Pacific Ring of Fire?

Answer 19

Here the most earthquakes and volcanoes occur

Question 20

Types of volcanoes

Answer 20

Active, Dormant and Extinct

Question 21

Name 5 advantages of volcanoes

Answer 21

Fertile soils, stones and minerals, building materials, hot springs and tourism

Question 22

Name 2 Disadvantages of volcanoes

Answer 22

Loss of life and damage to property