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[DMS 125] Sonographic Physics and Instrumentation > Ch. 1: The Basics > Flashcards

Ch. 1: The Basics Flashcards

1
Q

In diagnostic ultrasound, information is often displayed in what form?

A

graphical form

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2
Q

The two axes (lines) used with all graphs have special names:

A

x-axis and y-axis

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3
Q

The x-axis is a (1) ____ line and runs (2) ____ to (3) ____

A
  1. horizontal
  2. side
  3. side
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4
Q

The y-axis is a (1) ____ line and runs (2) ____ and (3) ____

A
  1. vertical
  2. up
  3. down
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5
Q

Variable means:

A

Change

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6
Q

Unrelated: (Meaning)

A

Two items that are not associated

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7
Q

Unrelated: (Examples)

A
  • Hair color is unrelated to shoe size
  • Weight is unrelated to day of birth
  • Temperature is unrelated to day of the week
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8
Q

Directly related, or directly proportional: (Meaning)

A
  • Two items that are associated such that when one item increases, the other increases
    (When X increases, Y increases)
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9
Q

Directly related, or directly proportional: (Examples)

A
  • Clothing size is directly proportional to one’s weight
  • Age is directly related to experience
  • Skill is directly related to practice
  • Quality of wine is directly proportional to age
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10
Q

The graph of two directly related items extends from (1) ____ ____ to (2) ____ ____

A

(1) lower left
(2) upper right

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11
Q

Related, or proportional: (Meaning)

A

Two items that are associated or affiliated
(The relationship between the items does not have to be specified)

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12
Q

Related, or proportional: (Examples)

A
  • Weight is related to dieting
  • Santa is related to Christmas
  • Exam score is related to or proportional to studying
  • Dental health is related to flossing
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13
Q

Inversely related, or inversely proportional: (Meaning)

A

Two items are associated such that when one item increases, the other decreases

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14
Q

The graph of the two inversely related items extends from the (1) ____ ____ to the (2) ____ ____

A

(1) upper left
(2) lower right

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15
Q

Inversely related, or inversely proportional: (Examples:)

A
  • Golf score is inversely related to skill
  • A car’s gas mileage is inversely proportional to its engine size
  • Grades in school are inversely proportional to partying time
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16
Q

Reciprocal relationship: (Meaning)

A

When two numbers with a reciprocal relationship are multiplied together, the result is one

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17
Q

____ ____ is a special form of inverse relationship

A

(1) Reciprocal relationship
(Reciprocal numbers are inverse because when one increases, the other decreases)

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18
Q

Reciprocal relationship: (Examples)

A
  • 2 and ½ are reciprocals
  • 10 and ⅒ are reciprocals
  • Period and frequency are reciprocals
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19
Q

All numerical values must have corresponding ____

A

units

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20
Q

A number alone, without units, is ambiguous and can create ____

A

uncertainty

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21
Q

For a numerical answer to a question to be comprehensive, it requires a ____

A

unit

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22
Q

Units of length—

A

Linear distance or circumference: cm, feet
- One dimensional

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23
Q

Units of area—

A

cm², ft² (Length x Width)
- Two dimensional

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24
Q

Units of volume—

A

cm³, ft³ (Length x Width x Height)
- Three dimensional

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25
“Increase by a factor”— ____ that number
Multiply
26
“Decrease by a factor”— ____ that number
Divide
27
A number followed by the word “percent” is ____
unit-less
28
When units change, the “total picture” does not change, only the manner of ____ changes
presentation
29
(1) ____ or (2) ____ ____ is a shorthand manner to represent large numbers/powers of 10
(1) Scientific (2) engineering notation
30
A number in scientific notation formed with a (1) ____ exponent has a value greater than (2) ____
(1) positive (2) 10
31
A number in scientific notation formed with a (1) ____ exponent has a value less than (2) ____
(1) negative (2) 1
32
A number in scientific notation formed with an exponent of (1) ____ has a value between (2) ____ and ____
(1) zero (2) 1, 10
33
To correctly calculate the scientific notation, perform these steps: - (1) Shift the decimal point so the resulting number is between (1) ____ and ____ - (2) Multiply the appropriate power of (2) ____
(1) 1, 10 (2) 10
34
NUMBER: 1,000,000,000 EXPONENT: PREFIX: SYMBOL: MEANING:
EXPONENT: 10⁹ PREFIX: giga SYMBOL: G MEANING: billion
35
NUMBER: 1,000,000 EXPONENT: PREFIX: SYMBOL: MEANING:
EXPONENT: 10⁶ PREFIX: mega SYMBOL: M MEANING: million
36
NUMBER: 1,000 EXPONENT: PREFIX: SYMBOL: MEANING:
EXPONENT: 10³ PREFIX: kilo SYMBOL: k MEANING: thousand
37
NUMBER: 100 EXPONENT: PREFIX: SYMBOL: MEANING:
EXPONENT: 10² PREFIX: hecto SYMBOL: h MEANING: hundred
38
NUMBER: 10 EXPONENT: PREFIX: SYMBOL: MEANING:
EXPONENT: 10¹ PREFIX: deca SYMBOL: da MEANING: ten
39
NUMBER: 0.1 EXPONENT: PREFIX: SYMBOL: MEANING:
EXPONENT: 10⁻⁻¹ PREFIX: deci SYMBOL: d MEANING: tenth
40
NUMBER: 0.01 EXPONENT: PREFIX: SYMBOL: MEANING:
EXPONENT: 10⁻⁻² PREFIX: centi SYMBOL: c MEANING: hundredth
41
NUMBER: 0.001 EXPONENT: PREFIX: SYMBOL: MEANING:
EXPONENT: 10⁻⁻³ PREFIX: milli SYMBOL: m MEANING: thousandth
42
NUMBER: 0.000 001 EXPONENT: PREFIX: SYMBOL: MEANING:
EXPONENT: 10⁻⁻⁶ PREFIX: micro SYMBOL: µ MEANING: millionth
43
NUMBER: 0.000 000 001 EXPONENT: PREFIX: SYMBOL: MEANING:
EXPONENT: 10⁻⁻⁹ PREFIX: nano SYMBOL: n MEANING: billionth
44
Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of giga:
nano
45
Complimentary metric unit/reciprocal of mega:
micro
46
Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of kilo:
milli
47
Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of hecto:
centi
48
Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of deca:
deci
49
Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of G:
n
50
Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of M:
µ
51
Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of k:
m
52
Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of h:
c
53
Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of da:
d
54
PREFIX: mega MEANING:
PREFIX: mega MEANING: million
55
PREFIX: kilo MEANING:
PREFIX: kilo MEANING: thousand
56
PREFIX: hecto MEANING:
PREFIX: hecto MEANING: hundred
57
PREFIX: deca MEANING:
PREFIX: deca MEANING: ten
58
PREFIX: deci MEANING:
PREFIX: deci MEANING: tenth
59
PREFIX: centi MEANING:
PREFIX: centi MEANING: hundredth
60
PREFIX: milli MEANING:
PREFIX: milli MEANING: thousandth
61
PREFIX: micro MEANING:
PREFIX: micro MEANING: millionth
62
PREFIX: nano MEANING:
PREFIX: nano MEANING: billionth

[DMS 125] Sonographic Physics and Instrumentation (5 decks)

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