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[DMS 125] Sonographic Physics and Instrumentation > Ch. 1: The Basics > Flashcards

Ch. 1: The Basics Flashcards

1
Q

In diagnostic ultrasound, information is often displayed in what form?

A

graphical form

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2
Q

The two axes (lines) used with all graphs have special names:

A

x-axis and y-axis

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3
Q

The x-axis is a (1) ____ line and runs (2) ____ to (3) ____

A
  1. horizontal
  2. side
  3. side
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4
Q

The y-axis is a (1) ____ line and runs (2) ____ and (3) ____

A
  1. vertical
  2. up
  3. down
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5
Q

Variable means:

A

Change

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6
Q

Unrelated: (Meaning)

A

Two items that are not associated

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7
Q

Unrelated: (Examples)

A
  • Hair color is unrelated to shoe size
  • Weight is unrelated to day of birth
  • Temperature is unrelated to day of the week
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8
Q

Directly related, or directly proportional: (Meaning)

A
  • Two items that are associated such that when one item increases, the other increases
    (When X increases, Y increases)
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9
Q

Directly related, or directly proportional: (Examples)

A
  • Clothing size is directly proportional to one’s weight
  • Age is directly related to experience
  • Skill is directly related to practice
  • Quality of wine is directly proportional to age
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10
Q

The graph of two directly related items extends from (1) ____ ____ to (2) ____ ____

A

(1) lower left
(2) upper right

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11
Q

Related, or proportional: (Meaning)

A

Two items that are associated or affiliated
(The relationship between the items does not have to be specified)

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12
Q

Related, or proportional: (Examples)

A
  • Weight is related to dieting
  • Santa is related to Christmas
  • Exam score is related to or proportional to studying
  • Dental health is related to flossing
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13
Q

Inversely related, or inversely proportional: (Meaning)

A

Two items are associated such that when one item increases, the other decreases

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14
Q

The graph of the two inversely related items extends from the (1) ____ ____ to the (2) ____ ____

A

(1) upper left
(2) lower right

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15
Q

Inversely related, or inversely proportional: (Examples:)

A
  • Golf score is inversely related to skill
  • A car’s gas mileage is inversely proportional to its engine size
  • Grades in school are inversely proportional to partying time
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16
Q

Reciprocal relationship: (Meaning)

A

When two numbers with a reciprocal relationship are multiplied together, the result is one

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17
Q

____ ____ is a special form of inverse relationship

A

(1) Reciprocal relationship
(Reciprocal numbers are inverse because when one increases, the other decreases)

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18
Q

Reciprocal relationship: (Examples)

A
  • 2 and ½ are reciprocals
  • 10 and ⅒ are reciprocals
  • Period and frequency are reciprocals
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19
Q

All numerical values must have corresponding ____

A

units

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20
Q

A number alone, without units, is ambiguous and can create ____

A

uncertainty

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21
Q

For a numerical answer to a question to be comprehensive, it requires a ____

A

unit

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22
Q

Units of length—

A

Linear distance or circumference: cm, feet
- One dimensional

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23
Q

Units of area—

A

cm², ft² (Length x Width)
- Two dimensional

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24
Q

Units of volume—

A

cm³, ft³ (Length x Width x Height)
- Three dimensional

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25
Q

“Increase by a factor”— ____ that number

26
Q

“Decrease by a factor”— ____ that number

27
Q

A number followed by the word “percent” is ____

28
Q

When units change, the “total picture” does not change, only the manner of ____ changes

A

presentation

29
Q

(1) ____ or (2) ____ ____ is a shorthand manner to represent large numbers/powers of 10

A

(1) Scientific
(2) engineering notation

30
Q

A number in scientific notation formed with a (1) ____ exponent has a value greater than (2) ____

A

(1) positive
(2) 10

31
Q

A number in scientific notation formed with a (1) ____ exponent has a value less than (2) ____

A

(1) negative
(2) 1

32
Q

A number in scientific notation formed with an exponent of (1) ____ has a value between (2) ____ and ____

A

(1) zero
(2) 1, 10

33
Q

To correctly calculate the scientific notation, perform these steps:
- (1) Shift the decimal point so the resulting number is between (1) ____ and ____
- (2) Multiply the appropriate power of (2) ____

A

(1) 1, 10
(2) 10

34
Q

NUMBER: 1,000,000,000
EXPONENT:
PREFIX:
SYMBOL:
MEANING:

A

EXPONENT: 10⁹
PREFIX: giga
SYMBOL: G
MEANING: billion

35
Q

NUMBER: 1,000,000
EXPONENT:
PREFIX:
SYMBOL:
MEANING:

A

EXPONENT: 10⁶
PREFIX: mega
SYMBOL: M
MEANING: million

36
Q

NUMBER: 1,000
EXPONENT:
PREFIX:
SYMBOL:
MEANING:

A

EXPONENT: 10³
PREFIX: kilo
SYMBOL: k
MEANING: thousand

37
Q

NUMBER: 100
EXPONENT:
PREFIX:
SYMBOL:
MEANING:

A

EXPONENT: 10²
PREFIX: hecto
SYMBOL: h
MEANING: hundred

38
Q

NUMBER: 10
EXPONENT:
PREFIX:
SYMBOL:
MEANING:

A

EXPONENT: 10¹
PREFIX: deca
SYMBOL: da
MEANING: ten

39
Q

NUMBER: 0.1
EXPONENT:
PREFIX:
SYMBOL:
MEANING:

A

EXPONENT: 10⁻⁻¹
PREFIX: deci
SYMBOL: d
MEANING: tenth

40
Q

NUMBER: 0.01
EXPONENT:
PREFIX:
SYMBOL:
MEANING:

A

EXPONENT: 10⁻⁻²
PREFIX: centi
SYMBOL: c
MEANING: hundredth

41
Q

NUMBER: 0.001
EXPONENT:
PREFIX:
SYMBOL:
MEANING:

A

EXPONENT: 10⁻⁻³
PREFIX: milli
SYMBOL: m
MEANING: thousandth

42
Q

NUMBER: 0.000 001
EXPONENT:
PREFIX:
SYMBOL:
MEANING:

A

EXPONENT: 10⁻⁻⁶
PREFIX: micro
SYMBOL: µ
MEANING: millionth

43
Q

NUMBER: 0.000 000 001
EXPONENT:
PREFIX:
SYMBOL:
MEANING:

A

EXPONENT: 10⁻⁻⁹
PREFIX: nano
SYMBOL: n
MEANING: billionth

44
Q

Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of giga:

45
Q

Complimentary metric unit/reciprocal of mega:

46
Q

Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of kilo:

47
Q

Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of hecto:

48
Q

Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of deca:

49
Q

Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of G:

50
Q

Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of M:

51
Q

Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of k:

52
Q

Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of h:

53
Q

Complimentary metric unit/ reciprocal of da:

54
Q

PREFIX: mega
MEANING:

A

PREFIX: mega
MEANING: million

55
Q

PREFIX: kilo
MEANING:

A

PREFIX: kilo
MEANING: thousand

56
Q

PREFIX: hecto
MEANING:

A

PREFIX: hecto
MEANING: hundred

57
Q

PREFIX: deca
MEANING:

A

PREFIX: deca
MEANING: ten

58
Q

PREFIX: deci
MEANING:

A

PREFIX: deci
MEANING: tenth

59
Q

PREFIX: centi
MEANING:

A

PREFIX: centi
MEANING: hundredth

60
Q

PREFIX: milli
MEANING:

A

PREFIX: milli
MEANING: thousandth

61
Q

PREFIX: micro
MEANING:

A

PREFIX: micro
MEANING: millionth

62
Q

PREFIX: nano
MEANING:

A

PREFIX: nano
MEANING: billionth

[DMS 125] Sonographic Physics and Instrumentation (5 decks)

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