Ch. 1 Renaissance and Ch. 2/3 Explorers

Question 1

Humanism

Answer 1

A movement that focused on worldly subjects and classic culture rather than religious issues

Question 2

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 2

Had many interests including: art, anatomy, inventions, architecture, and engineering.

Famous works: The Last Supper, Mona Lisa, sketches of flying machines, and many more

Question 3

Michelangelo

Answer 3

Had many talents, best known for sculpting and painting.

Famous Works: Pieta, David, painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (includes the Creation of Adam and the Last Judgemet)

Question 4

Raphael

Answer 4

Renaissance Painter

Famous Work: The School of Athens

Question 5

William Shakespeare

Answer 5

English poet and playwright

Adds 1700 words to the English language

Famous works: Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and many more

Question 6

Miguel de Cervantes

Answer 6

Wrote the first ‘modern’ novel, “Don Quixote”

Question 7

Johann Gutenberg

Answer 7

Creates the first movable printing press to print volumes of the bible

This led to an increase in people learning to read

Question 8

indulgence

Answer 8

lessening of time a soul would spend in purgatory (if you had the $$$ to pay for it)

Martin Luther strongly disagreed with the sale of indulgences

Question 9

predestination

Answer 9

The idea by John Calvin that God long ago determined who would be a saint and who would be a sinner

Question 10

John Calvin

Answer 10

founder of Calvinism

believes in predestination, sets up a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland

Question 11

Martin Luther

Answer 11

Disagrees with the Catholic Church for selling indulgences

Writes his “95 Theses” and nails the paper to the door of the Wittenburg Church, leading to the Protestant Reformation.

Question 12

95 Theses

Answer 12

Written by Martin Luther

Describes his issues with some of the practices of the Roman Catholic Church

Question 13

Copernicus

Answer 13

Creates the heliocentric theory (the sun is the center of the universe)

Question 14

Francis Bacon

Answer 14

Creates the scientific method

Question 15

Donatello

Answer 15

Renaissance artist

Best known for his bronze sculpture of “David”

Question 16

Dias

Answer 16

Portuguese explorerer

First to sail around the southern tip of Africa

Question 17

Vasco da Gama

Answer 17

Leads ships around the Cape of Good Hope

Many of his sailors die from hunger, thirst, and scurvy

Question 18

Christopher Columbus

Answer 18

An Italian who sails for Spain, he tries to find a route to the Indies by heading west from Europe

He discovers the Caribbean islands and names them the West Indies and the natives he calls ‘Indians’

Question 19

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 19

First person to circumnavigate the globe

Question 20

Cortes

Answer 20

Lands in Mexico, he eventually destroys the capital city of the Aztecs and conquers the Aztec tribe

Question 21

Pizarro

Answer 21

Lands in Peru, eventually kills the Incan ruler and conquers the Inca tribe.

Question 22

Conquistadors

Answer 22

Spanish conquerors

Question 23

Immunity

Answer 23

Resistance to disease

Example: Natives had not built up immunity to European diseases, killing 90% of the population

Question 24

Triangle Trade

Answer 24

Trade of goods and slaves between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

Question 25

Middle Passage

Answer 25

The horrible journey faced by African slaves when traveling from Africa to the Americas

Question 26

Capitalism

Answer 26

the investment of money in order to make a profit

Question 27

Entrepreneur

Answer 27

Merchants who organize, manage, and assume risks of doing business

Question 28

Mercantilism

Answer 28

A nation tries to export more than it imports in order to gain more gold and silver

Question 29

Tariffs

Answer 29

Taxes on IMPORTED goods

Question 30

Colombian Exchange

Answer 30

the global exchange of people, plants, foods, animals, technology, and disease

Question 31

Scurvy

Answer 31

A disease caused from lack of Vitamin C