ch 1 major themes of A&P and general orientation to human anatomy

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

study of structure

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

study of function

Question 3

unity of form and function

Answer 3

function of a body structure is dependent on its form and the function makes the structure necessary

Question 4

study of anatomy

inspection

Answer 4

simplest way to examine structure by LOOKING at the body’s appearance

Question 5

study of anatomy

palpation

Answer 5

examination of the body by TOUCHING its surface and LISTENING to the body

Question 6

study of anatomy

auscultation

Answer 6

LISTENING to natural sounds the body makes like a heart beat

Question 7

study of anatomy

percussion

Answer 7

examination by TAPPING the body for abnormal resistance to the tap and normal sound emitted from that structure as a result

Question 8

study of anatomy

dissection

Answer 8

the carful cutting apart and seperation of tissue to reveal their relationships

Question 9

study of anatomy

gross anatomy

Answer 9

study of strucutures seen with the naked eye

Question 10

study of anatomy

microscopic anatomy

Answer 10

• study structures not visible to the naked eye
• cytology and histology are 2 types

Question 11

study of anatomy

cytology

Answer 11

study of cells and their structures

Question 12

study of anatomy

histology

Answer 12

study of tissues and their structures

histopathology when looking for disease

Question 13

human structure

the organization of the human body

Answer 13

• organism
• organ system
• organ
• tissue
• cell
• organelle
• molecule
• atom

Question 14

human structure

8. organism

Answer 14

single, complete individual

Question 15

human structure

7. organ system

Answer 15

group of organs with a unique collective function

Question 16

human structure

6. organ

Answer 16

structure composed of 2 or more tissue types that work together to carry out a specific function

Question 17

human structure

5. tissue

Answer 17

mass of similar cells and cell products that form a region of the organ and perform a specific function

Question 18

human structure

4. cells

Answer 18

a smaller unit of organism that carry out all the basic functions of life

Question 19

human structure

3. organelles

Answer 19

microscopic structures in a cell that carry out its individual functions

Question 20

human structure

2. molecules

Answer 20

composed of 2 or more atoms that are used to make cells and organelles

Question 21

human structure

1. atoms

Answer 21

smallest unit of matter

Question 22

living things characteristics

Answer 22

1. highly organized
2. made of cells
3. metabolize (all the chemical reations that occur in a living organism)
4. respond and move in response to stimuli
5. maintains internal stability (homeostasis)
6. develops by cellular differtiation (cell maturation) and growth
7. reproduces
8. evolves

Question 23

homeostasis

homeostasis

Answer 23

the body’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it and thereby maintain relatively stable internal conditions

Question 24

homeostasis

a change in the external environment can cause a change in the

Answer 24

internal environment

the internal environment responds to the change

Question 25

# homeostasis many conditions in the human body fluctuate around a set point (avg value) like body temp and fluid balance which is described as a

Answer 25

dynamic state of equilibrium

Question 26

# homeostasis and negative feedback negative feedback

Answer 26

a common mechanism to keep a condition like body temp close to its set point compare to home heating system

Question 27

# negative feedback component: stimulus

Answer 27

* step: change in condition * heating system: change in temp * thermoregulation: change in body temp

Question 28

# negative feedback component: receptor

Answer 28

* step: receives the stimulus and relays info to control center * heating system: thermometer * thermoregulation: thermoreceptors

Question 29

# negative feedback component: control center

Answer 29

* step: processes info and sends out command to effector * heating system: thermostat * thermoregulation: region of the brain

Question 30

# negative feedback component: effector

Answer 30

* step: a structure that can carry out instructions * heating system: air conditioner/ furnace * thermoregulation: blood vessels and sweat glands (to cool) or muscles (to heat)

Question 31

# negative feedback component: response

Answer 31

* step: mechanism by which the effector returns condition back to normal * heating system: cold air/hot air to get back to set temp * thermoregulation: vasodilation/vasoconstriction and sweat (to cool) or shiver (to heat)

Question 32

# homeostasis and neg feedback negative feedback is used to regulate many conditions like

Answer 32

* blood pressure * blood glucose * blood calcium levels

Question 33

# homeostasis and pos feedback in some cases a positive feedback mechanism is used as a normal way to produce

Answer 33

rapid change

Question 34

# homeostasis and pos feedback the response encourages the stimuli like in

Answer 34

child birth as well as blood clotting or a fever

Question 35

# homeostasis and pos feedback childbirth

Answer 35

* the movement of the fetus is detected and the brain responds by telling the pituitary gland to release oxytocin * oxytocin stimulates the uterus to contract * further movement encourages more release of oxytocin until the fetus is born

Question 36

# general anatomical terminology anatomical position

Answer 36

person standing upright with the feet flat, arms at side, and the palms and face directed forward

Question 37

# general anatomical terminology: anatomical planes section

Answer 37

implies an actual cut that displays internal anatomy

Question 38

# general anatomical terminology: anatomical planes plane

Answer 38

implues an imaginary surface passing through the body

Question 39

# general anatomical terminology: anatomical planes the 3 major anatomical planes are

Answer 39

* sagittal * frontal * transverse

Question 40

# general anatomical terminology: anatomical planes frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 40

* vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions * a cut of this plane produces a frontal section also known as a coronal section

Question 41

# general anatomical terminology: anatomical planes transverse plane

Answer 41

* divides the body into superior and inferior portions * a cut in this plane is a transverse section also known as a cross sections

Question 42

# general anatomical terminology: anatomical planes sagittal plane

Answer 42

* vertical plane dividing body into left and right portions * a cut in this plane is a sagittal section * midsagittal plane divides the body in the middle * parasagittal plane is offset from the middle