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RECENT Anatomy & Physiology 1 > ch 1 major themes of A&P and general orientation to human anatomy > Flashcards

ch 1 major themes of A&P and general orientation to human anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

study of structure

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2
Q

physiology

A

study of function

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3
Q

unity of form and function

A

function of a body structure is dependent on its form and the function makes the structure necessary

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4
Q

study of anatomy

inspection

A

simplest way to examine structure by LOOKING at the body’s appearance

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5
Q

study of anatomy

palpation

A

examination of the body by TOUCHING its surface and LISTENING to the body

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6
Q

study of anatomy

auscultation

A

LISTENING to natural sounds the body makes like a heart beat

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7
Q

study of anatomy

percussion

A

examination by TAPPING the body for abnormal resistance to the tap and normal sound emitted from that structure as a result

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8
Q

study of anatomy

dissection

A

the carful cutting apart and seperation of tissue to reveal their relationships

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9
Q

study of anatomy

gross anatomy

A

study of strucutures seen with the naked eye

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10
Q

study of anatomy

microscopic anatomy

A
  • study structures not visible to the naked eye
  • cytology and histology are 2 types
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11
Q

study of anatomy

cytology

A

study of cells and their structures

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12
Q

study of anatomy

histology

A

study of tissues and their structures

histopathology when looking for disease

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13
Q

human structure

the organization of the human body

A
  • organism
  • organ system
  • organ
  • tissue
  • cell
  • organelle
  • molecule
  • atom
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14
Q

human structure

  1. organism
A

single, complete individual

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15
Q

human structure

  1. organ system
A

group of organs with a unique collective function

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16
Q

human structure

  1. organ
A

structure composed of 2 or more tissue types that work together to carry out a specific function

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17
Q

human structure

  1. tissue
A

mass of similar cells and cell products that form a region of the organ and perform a specific function

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18
Q

human structure

  1. cells
A

a smaller unit of organism that carry out all the basic functions of life

19
Q

human structure

  1. organelles
A

microscopic structures in a cell that carry out its individual functions

20
Q

human structure

  1. molecules
A

composed of 2 or more atoms that are used to make cells and organelles

21
Q

human structure

  1. atoms
A

smallest unit of matter

22
Q

living things characteristics

A
  1. highly organized
  2. made of cells
  3. metabolize (all the chemical reations that occur in a living organism)
  4. respond and move in response to stimuli
  5. maintains internal stability (homeostasis)
  6. develops by cellular differtiation (cell maturation) and growth
  7. reproduces
  8. evolves
23
Q

homeostasis

homeostasis

A

the body’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it and thereby maintain relatively stable internal conditions

24
Q

homeostasis

a change in the external environment can cause a change in the

A

internal environment

the internal environment responds to the change

25
Q

homeostasis

many conditions in the human body fluctuate around a set point (avg value) like body temp and fluid balance which is described as a

A

dynamic state of equilibrium

26
Q

homeostasis and negative feedback

negative feedback

A

a common mechanism to keep a condition like body temp close to its set point
compare to home heating system

27
Q

negative feedback

component: stimulus

A
  • step: change in condition
  • heating system: change in temp
  • thermoregulation: change in body temp
28
Q

negative feedback

component: receptor

A
  • step: receives the stimulus and relays info to control center
  • heating system: thermometer
  • thermoregulation: thermoreceptors
29
Q

negative feedback

component: control center

A
  • step: processes info and sends out command to effector
  • heating system: thermostat
  • thermoregulation: region of the brain
30
Q

negative feedback

component: effector

A
  • step: a structure that can carry out instructions
  • heating system: air conditioner/ furnace
  • thermoregulation: blood vessels and sweat glands (to cool) or muscles (to heat)
31
Q

negative feedback

component: response

A
  • step: mechanism by which the effector returns condition back to normal
  • heating system: cold air/hot air to get back to set temp
  • thermoregulation: vasodilation/vasoconstriction and sweat (to cool) or shiver (to heat)
32
Q

homeostasis and neg feedback

negative feedback is used to regulate many conditions like

A
  • blood pressure
  • blood glucose
  • blood calcium levels
33
Q

homeostasis and pos feedback

in some cases a positive feedback mechanism is used as a normal way to produce

A

rapid change

34
Q

homeostasis and pos feedback

the response encourages the stimuli like in

A

child birth as well as blood clotting or a fever

35
Q

homeostasis and pos feedback

childbirth

A
  • the movement of the fetus is detected and the brain responds by telling the pituitary gland to release oxytocin
  • oxytocin stimulates the uterus to contract
  • further movement encourages more release of oxytocin until the fetus is born
36
Q

general anatomical terminology

anatomical position

A

person standing upright with the feet flat, arms at side, and the palms and face directed forward

37
Q

general anatomical terminology: anatomical planes

section

A

implies an actual cut that displays internal anatomy

38
Q

general anatomical terminology: anatomical planes

plane

A

implues an imaginary surface passing through the body

39
Q

general anatomical terminology: anatomical planes

the 3 major anatomical planes are

A
  • sagittal
  • frontal
  • transverse
40
Q

general anatomical terminology: anatomical planes

frontal (coronal) plane

A
  • vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
  • a cut of this plane produces a frontal section also known as a coronal section
41
Q

general anatomical terminology: anatomical planes

transverse plane

A
  • divides the body into superior and inferior portions
  • a cut in this plane is a transverse section also known as a cross sections
42
Q

general anatomical terminology: anatomical planes

sagittal plane

A
  • vertical plane dividing body into left and right portions
  • a cut in this plane is a sagittal section
  • midsagittal plane divides the body in the middle
  • parasagittal plane is offset from the middle
43
Q
A

RECENT Anatomy & Physiology 1 (5 decks)

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